Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sketchy Medical > Parasites: Protozoa of the Blood > Flashcards

Parasites: Protozoa of the Blood Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

List the protozoa of the blood

A
  1. Trypanosoma Cruzi
  2. Babesia
  3. Plasmodium Malariae
  4. Plasmodium Ovale
  5. Plasmodium Vivax
    Plasmodium Falciparum
  6. Leishmania Braziliensis
  7. Leishmania Donovani
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chagas Disease

A

a parasitic blood infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

“kissing bugs”

A

“kissing bugs” bite around the mouth and deposit feces contaminated with Trypanosoma cruzi, which can later be introduced by scratching the area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi is transmitted by the

A

reduviid or “kissing bug”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chagas disease can lead to

A
  1. an abnormal dilation of the colon (megacolon)
  2. myopericarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy
  3. megaesophagus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

diagnosis of Chagas disease can be made by

A

observation of trypomastigotes (bloodstream form of Trypanosoma cruzi) on microscopic examination of blood smear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

diagnosis of Chagas heart disease can be made by observation of

A

trypanosomes within cardiac myocytes on microscopic examination of heart biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi infects the heart by

A

burrowing into the endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_________ is effective against Trypanosoma cruzi

A

nifurtimox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

babesiosis is a

A

tick-borne illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the Ixodes tick (the vector of Babesia spp.) is a

A

deer tick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Babesia spp. can cause

A

hemolytic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

babesiosis can present with

A

jaundice (usually later in the course of illness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The _____ ____ is the vector of Babesia

A

Ixodes tick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

babesiosis often presents with

A
  1. irregular fevers

2. irregularly cycling fevers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

_______ ______ ____ is a risk factor for severe babesiosis

A
  1. sickle cell disease

2. asplenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

thick blood smear in Babesia spp. infection will show

A

intracellular and extracellular ring forms and classic tetrad “Maltese Cross” forms inside RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Babesia spp. protozoa can have a

A

tetrad “Maltese Cross” appearance inside RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Babesia spp. protozoa are predominantly found in the

A

northeastern region of the United States

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

_______ is effective against Babesia spp.

A
  1. atovaquone

2. azithromycin (a macrolide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Plasmodium spp. parasites can be visualized on

A

thick or thin blood smear prepared with Giemsa stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Plasmodium malariae infection presents with a

A

quartan fever cycle (72 hrs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Plasmodium vivax and ovale produce

A

dormant hypnozoites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

dormant hypnozoites

A

hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Plasmodium vivax and ovale infections present with

A

a tertian fever cycle (48 hrs)

26
Q

Plasmodium falciparum infection presents with

A

an irregular fever pattern

27
Q

RBCs parasitized by Plasmodium falciparum can occlude the

A
  1. capillaries of the brain, leading to cerebral malaria
  2. vessels of the kidneys
  3. vessels of the lungs
28
Q

Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes appear

A

banana-shaped on peripheral blood smear

29
Q

Antimalarial agents

A
  1. chloroquine
  2. primaquine
  3. mefloquine
  4. Proguanil
  5. quinine/quinidine
30
Q

the treatment for malaria involves

A

chloroquine, which blocks Plasmodium heme polymerase

31
Q

Chloroquine blocks

A

plasmodium heme polymerase

32
Q

because the hypnozoites of Plasmodium vivax and ovale lie dormant in hepatocytes so _____ _____ is not an effective treatment

A

chloroquine alone

33
Q

Treatment of plasmodium vivax and ovale infections

A

primaquine is used in addition to chloroquine

34
Q

primaquine is used in addition to chloroquine in cases of Plasmodium vivax and ovale infections because

A

it can destroy hypnozoites in the liver

35
Q

mefloquine is effective against

A

resistant strains of Plasmodium spp.

36
Q

_________ should be used prophylactically by travelers visiting regions where Plasmodium spp. are resistant to chloroquine

A
  1. mefloquine

2. atovaquone-proguanil

37
Q

Quinone antimicrobial agent

A

atovaquone

38
Q

atovaquone-proguanil is effective against

A

resistant strains of Plasmodium spp.

39
Q

Artemisinins

A

a class of antimalarial agents

40
Q

both artemisinins and atovaquone-proguanil can be used for

A

severe Plasmodium falciparum infection

41
Q

____ ______ ____ is protective against Plasmodium falciparum

A

sickle cell disease/trait

42
Q

_____ ______ is used in the case of severe malaria infection

A

IV artesunate

43
Q

________ is effective against resistant strains of Plasmodium spp.

A

quinine (or quinidine)

44
Q

a side-effect of quinidine is

A

cinchonism, including tinnitus

45
Q

_______ and _____ are delivered IV for severe malaria

A

artesunate and quinine (or quinidine)

46
Q

Anopheles mosquitoes carry

A

Plasmodium spp. sporozoites in saliva

47
Q

once an Anopheles spp. mosquito vector takes a blood meal

A

once an Anopheles spp. mosquito vector takes a blood meal (and introduces Plasmodium spp. sporozoites into human hosts), the sporozoites mature into merozoites in the liver

48
Q

in the liver, merozoites of Plasmodium spp

A

rupture from hepatic schizonts (and hepatocytes), which enter the bloodstream where they infect RBCs

49
Q

the Plasmodium life cycle continues in

A

the Plasmodium life cycle continues in RBC: trophozoite → schizont → merozoites (which rupture from schizont and RBC) → infect more RBCs

50
Q

immature trophozoites of Plasmodium spp. appear as

A

ring forms inside RBCs

51
Q

merozoites of Plasmodium spp. are capable of

A

initiating sexual development (gametocytes)

52
Q

vertebrates are the hosts of

A

Leishmania braziliensis

53
Q

Leishmania braziliensis can cause

A

cutaneous leishmaniasis, which presents with papules and plaques that progress to ulcerative lesions

54
Q

________ are the vector of Leishmania braziliensis

A

sandflies

55
Q

______ are the non-flagellated intracellular form of Leishmania spp., which can be found within macrophages

A

amastigotes

56
Q

numerous amastigote nuclei of Leishmania donovani can be seen in

A

the cytoplasm of macrophages on microscopy

57
Q

Leishmania donovani causes

A

visceral leishmaniasis (also called black fever or kala-azar)

58
Q

a characteristic feature of visceral leishmaniasis

A

a characteristic feature of visceral leishmaniasis (caused by Leishmania donovani) is spiking fever

59
Q

visceral leishmaniasis (caused by Leishmania donovani) affects

A

the bone marrow, which can lead to pancytopenia

60
Q

a characteristic feature of visceral leishmaniasis (caused by Leishmania donovani) is

A

hepatosplenomegaly

61
Q

treatment of leishmaniasis includes

A

stibogluconate

62
Q

__________ is used in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (caused by Leishmania donovani)

A

amphotericin B

Sketchy Medical (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions