Parasites: Helminths - Nematodes

Question 1

Enterobius vermicularis

Answer 1

an intestinal nematode

Question 2

female Enterobius vermicularis nematodes oviposit their eggs around the

Answer 2

anus

Question 3

Enterobius vermicularis is transmitted via the

Answer 3

fecal-oral route

Question 4

the Scotch tape test

Answer 4

the Scotch tape test (application of tape to the anal early in the morning) can confirm presence of Enterobius vermicularis (eggs will be visible upon microscopic examination of tape strip)

Question 5

treatment of Enterobius vermicularis infection includes

Answer 5

pyrantel pamoate

Question 6

___________ is effective against the intestinal nematodes: Enterobius vermicularis, Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus, Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis and Trichinella spiralis

Answer 6

albendazole

Question 7

Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus

Answer 7

hookworms (intestinal nematodes)

Question 8

Ancylostoma duodenale

Answer 8

an intestinal nematode

Question 9

Necator americanus

Answer 9

an intestinal nematode

Question 10

Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus are

Answer 10

hookworms

Question 11

Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus larvae enter the body by

Answer 11

penetrating exposed skin (mostly the feet)

Question 12

after penetrating the skin, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus travel

Answer 12

after penetrating the skin, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus travel from the bloodstream → lungs/trachea → pharynx (where the worms are swallowed) → GI tract

Question 13

Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus infections may result in

Answer 13

iron deficiency anemia, which is characterized by microcytic, hypochromic RBCs on blood smear

Question 14

Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus infections are diagnosed by

Answer 14

the presence of eggs in the stool

Question 15

_____ is seen in Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus infections

Answer 15

eosinophilia

Question 16

treatment of Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus infections includes

Answer 16

pyrantel pamoate

Question 17

Ascaris lumbricoides

Answer 17

an intestinal nematode

Question 18

after ingestion of eggs, Ascaris lumbricoides travels

Answer 18

from the small intestine → bloodstream → lungs/trachea → pharynx (where the worms are swallowed) → GI tract

Question 19

Ascaris lumbricoides is

Answer 19

the intestinal nematode most highly associated with respiratory symptoms

Question 20

a major complication of Ascaris lumbricoides infection is

Answer 20

obstruction of the ileocecal valve

Question 21

Ascaris lumbricoides infection is diagnosed by

Answer 21

the presence of eggs in the stool

Question 22

______ is seen in Ascaris lumbricoides infection

Answer 22

eosinophilia

Question 23

Strongyloides stercoralis

Answer 23

an intestinal nematode

Question 24

Strongyloides stercoralis larvae enter the body by

Answer 24

penetrating exposed skin (mostly the feet)

Question 25

after penetrating the skin, Strongyloides stercoralis travels

Answer 25

after penetrating the skin, Strongyloides stercoralis travels from the bloodstream → lungs/trachea → pharynx (where the worms are swallowed) → GI tract

Question 26

Strongyloides stercoralis autoinfection

Answer 26

larvae hatch from eggs laid in the intestinal wall, repenetrate the wall, and enter the bloodstream in Strongyloides stercoralis autoinfection

Question 27

Strongyloides stercoralis infection is diagnosed by

Answer 27

presence of larvae in the stool

Question 28

eosinophilia

Answer 28

is seen in Strongyloides stercoralis infection

Question 29

treatment of Strongyloides stercoralis infection includes

Answer 29

ivermectin

Question 30

Trichinella spiralis

Answer 30

an intestinal nematode

Question 31

Trichinella spiralis is found in

Answer 31

undercooked meat (such as pork or bear)

Question 32

Trichinella spiralis infection can cause

Answer 32

periorbital edema

Question 33

Trichinella spiralis infection presents with

Answer 33

nausea and vomiting

Question 34

Trichinella spiralis can cause

Answer 34

fever

Question 35

Trichinella spiralis larvae are carried to

Answer 35

muscle via the bloodstream

Question 36

Trichinella spiralis larvae travel to striated muscle

Answer 36

where they form cysts

Question 37

Trichinella spiralis larvae form

Answer 37

cysts within striated muscle

Question 38

Trichinella spiralis infection can cause

Answer 38

muscle inflammation and myalgia

Question 39

_______ is seen in Trichinella spiralis infection

Answer 39

eosinophilia

Question 40

List the Intestinal Nematodes (Helminths)

Answer 40

1. Enterobius Vernicularis 2. Ancylostoma Duodenale 3. Necator Americanus 4. Ascaris Lumbricoides 5. Stronglyoides Stercoralis 6. Trichinella Spiralis

Question 41

List the Tissue Nematodes (Helminths)

Answer 41

1. Dracunulus Medinensis 2. Wuchereria Bancrofti 3. Onchocerca Volvulus 4. Toxocara Canis 5. Loa Loa

Question 42

Dracunculus medinensis

Answer 42

a tissue nematode

Question 43

Dracunculus medinensis is transmitted via

Answer 43

water contaminated with copepods containing larvae

Question 44

copepods (small crustaceans) are intermediate hosts of

Answer 44

Dracunculus medinensis

Question 45

adult female Dracunculus medinensis nematodes emerge from

Answer 45

painful skin ulcers

Question 46

Dracunculus medinensis nematodes are removed by

Answer 46

slowly wrapping the worms around a stick

Question 47

_______ is seen in Dracunculus medinensis infection

Answer 47

eosinophilia

Question 48

Onchocerca volvulus

Answer 48

a tissue nematode

Question 49

Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae in the eye can cause

Answer 49

blindness

Question 50

________ is seen in Onchocerca volvulus infection

Answer 50

eosinophilia

Question 51

Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae are seen on microscopy of

Answer 51

skin biopsy

Question 52

________ is effective against Onchocerca volvulus

Answer 52

ivermectin

Question 53

Wuchereria bancrofti

Answer 53

a tissue nematode

Question 54

Wuchereria bancrofti causes

Answer 54

lymphatic filariasis (known as elephantiasis, a chronic, severe lymphedema)

Question 55

Wuchereria bancrofti can cause

Answer 55

lymphangitis and painful lymphadenopathy

Question 56

lymphangitis and painful lymphadenopathy

Answer 56

tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, characterized by nocturnal cough, wheezing, and dyspnea

Question 57

________ are the vector of Wuchereria bancrofti

Answer 57

mosquitoes

Question 58

Wuchereria bancrofti nematodes are seen on

Answer 58

thick blood smear

Question 59

________ is seen in Wuchereria bancrofti infection

Answer 59

eosinophilia

Question 60

________ is effective against Wuchereria bancrofti

Answer 60

diethylcarbamazine

Question 61

Toxocara canis

Answer 61

a tissue nematode

Question 62

Toxocara canis is transmitted via

Answer 62

food contaminated with infected dog or cat feces

Question 63

ocular larva migrans

Answer 63

ocular larva migrans (an invasion of the eye by Toxocara canis) can lead to blindness

Question 64

_______ is seen in Toxocara canis infection

Answer 64

eosinophilia

Question 65

_______ is effective against Toxocara canis

Answer 65

albendazole

Question 66

Loa loa

Answer 66

a tissue nematode

Question 67

migrating Loa loa nematodes can

Answer 67

cause cyst-like collections in subcutaneous tissue (especially near the eye and tendons)

Question 68

adult Loa loa worms can

Answer 68

migrate across the conjunctiva

Question 69

Loa loa microfilariae can be

Answer 69

detected on blood smear

Question 70

______ _____ are the vector of Loa loa

Answer 70

deer flies

Question 71

_______ is seen in Loa loa infection

Answer 71

eosinophilia

Question 72

________ is effective against Loa loa

Answer 72

1. diethylcarbamazine | 2. albendazole