Autonomic: Parasympathtic Cholinomimetic Drugs

Question 1

Cholinomimetics are

Answer 1

acetylcholine receptor agonists

Question 2

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are found on

Answer 2

1. Autonomic ganglia
2. Skeletal muscle end plates
3. Adrenal glands

Question 3

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

Answer 3

are M1. M2, and M3

Question 4

Nicotinic receptors act as

Answer 4

ion channels

Question 5

M1 and M3 are coupled to

Answer 5

Gq

Question 6

M2 is coupled to

Answer 6

Gi

Question 7

M1 and M3 are coupled to Gq proteins which activate

Answer 7

the IP3-DAG cascade

Question 8

M2 is coupled to a Gi protein which decreases

Answer 8

cAMP

Question 9

M1 receptors are found in

Answer 9

nerves and the CNS

Question 10

M2 receptors are found in the

Answer 10

atria, the SA and AV node

Question 11

M3 receptors are found on

Answer 11

glands

Question 12

Smooth muscle contains

Answer 12

M3 Receptors

Question 13

M3 receptor activation

Answer 13

M3 receptor activation → nitric oxide release in vascular smooth muscle cells → increased cGMP and vasodilation

Question 14

Atherosclerosis causes

Answer 14

atherosclerosis → vascular epithelial damage → direct muscarinic receptor activation → vasoconstriction

Question 15

Bethanechol is a

Answer 15

1. cholinomimetic

2. muscarinic agonist

Question 16

Muscarinic agonists

Answer 16

1. increase secretion and motor activity of the gut

2. cause accommodation of the lens

Question 17

Bethanechol is used to treat

Answer 17

1. Non-obstructive gastrointestinal dysmotility (e.g post-op ileus, neurogenic ileus)
2. urinary retention

Question 18

Pilocarpine increases

Answer 18

salivation

Question 19

Pilocarpine causes

Answer 19

accommodation of the lens

Question 20

Pilocarpine is a

Answer 20

1. Cholinomimetic

2. Muscarinic agonist

Question 21

Bethanechol increases

Answer 21

increase secretion and motor activity of the gut

Question 22

Pilocarpine for glaucoma

Answer 22

pilocarpine contracts the ciliary muscle, increasing aqueous humor outflow (useful to treat glaucoma)

Question 23

Pilocarpine for acute angle closure glaucoma

Answer 23

pilocarpine activates the sphincter pupillae muscle to cause pupillary constriction (useful in acute angle-closure glaucoma)

Question 24

Carbachol for acute angle closure glaucoma

Answer 24

carbachol causes pupillary constriction (useful in acute angle-closure glaucoma)

Question 25

Carbachol is both a

Answer 25

muscarinic and nicotinic agonist

Question 26

Methacholine challenge

Answer 26

instigates asthma for pulmonary testing

Question 27

Cholinomimetics (e.g. methacholine)

Answer 27

contract bronchial smooth muscle which may exacerbate asthma or COPD

Question 28

Varenicline is a

Answer 28

nicotinic receptor partial agonist

Question 29

Varenicline is used for

Answer 29

smoking cessation