Bacteria: Gram-Negative Cocci Flashcards

1
Q

What is the gram negative cocci

A
  1. Neisseria meningitidis

2. Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Neisseria meningitidis and gonorrhoeae bacteria are

A
  1. gram-negative
  2. diplococci
  3. oxidase positive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chocolate agar (heated blood agar) is required for growth of

A

Neisseria meningitidis and gonorrhoeae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the antimicrobials vancomycin, polymyxin (colistin), and nystatin (VPN) are included in

A

Thayer-Martin agar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thayer-Martin agar

A

encourages the growth of Neisseria meningitidis and gonorrhoeae while inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Thayer-Martin agar is comprised of

A

the antimicrobials vancomycin, polymyxin (colistin), and nystatin (VPN), which encourage the growth of Neisseria meningitidis and gonorrhoeae while inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Deficiency in the terminal complement components C5-C9 (which form the membrane attack complex (MAC)) results in increased susceptibility to

A

Neisseria meningitidis and gonorrhoeae infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The pili of Neisseria meningitidis and gonorrhoeae bacteria display

A

antigenic variation (due to frequent genetic rearrangement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The IgA protease of Neisseria meningitidis and gonorrhoeae bacteria

A

cleaves secretory IgA (found on mucosal surfaces) at the hinge region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Neisseria meningitidis is easily

A

spread in close quarters, such as college dorms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Important characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis bacteria include:

A
  1. gram-negative
  2. diplococci morphology
  3. oxidase-positive
  4. growth on chocolate agar
  5. growth on Thayer-Martin (VPN) agar
  6. higher infection rates in patients with C5-C9 complement deficiency (absence of MAC)
  7. production of an IgA protease, and fimbriae/pili that demonstrate antigenic variation
  8. encapsulated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Neisseria meningitidis bacteria are able to

A

ferment both glucose and maltose (in contrast to Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which can only ferment glucose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Neisseria meningitidis is transmitted via

A

respiratory droplets (typically from nasopharyngeal colonization of asymptomatic carriers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Meningococcal vaccines include

A

antigens contained in the polysaccharide capsule of Neisseria meningitidis (the polysaccharide quadrivalent or conjugate vaccine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neisseria meningitidis subtype B causes

A

⅓ of meningococcal disease in the US because vaccines against subtype B have only recently become available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sickle cell patients are more susceptible to infections from

A

encapsulated bacteria, such as Neisseria meningitidis

17
Q

The outer membrane lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of Neisseria meningitidis causes

A

sepsis by generating a severe inflammatory response

18
Q

The inflammatory response caused by the Neisseria meningitidis endotoxins (LOS glycolipids)

A

The inflammatory response caused by the Neisseria meningitidis endotoxins (LOS glycolipids) → increased capillary permeability

19
Q

Hemorrhagic skin lesions (e.g. petechiae, purpura) often present in

A

fulminant meningococcemia

20
Q

The inflammatory response caused by the Neisseria meningitidis endotoxins (LOS glycolipids)

A

the inflammatory response caused by the Neisseria meningitidis endotoxins (LOS glycolipids) → increased capillary permeability → hypovolemia → septic shock

21
Q

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (also known as fulminant meningococcemia) is a

A

serious complication of meningococcemia characterized by bilateral adrenal hemorrhage → adrenal insufficiency

22
Q

_____ is effective against Neisseria meningitidis

A

ceftriaxone

23
Q

______ should be administered prophylactically to close contacts of patients with meningococcal infection

24
Q

Important characteristics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria include:

A
  1. gram-negative
  2. diplococci morphology
  3. oxidase-positive
  4. growth on chocolate agar
  5. growth on Thayer-Martin (VPN) agar
  6. higher infection rates in patients with C5-C9 complement deficiency (absence of MAC)
  7. production of an IgA protease, and fimbriae/pili that demonstrate antigenic variation
25
gonorrhea is a ________ transmitted disease
sexually transmitted disease
26
Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria are
1. gram-negative diplococci that are facultatively intracellular within polymorphonuclear leukocytes (often neutrophils) 2. non-encapsulated (in contrast to Neisseria meningitidis, which has a polysaccharide capsule)
27
Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections can progress to
pelvic inflammatory disease in women
28
A characteristic white, mucopurulent urethral discharge (in both men and women) or vaginal discharge can present in
Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection
29
Fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome is
a rare complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (commonly caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae) characterized by inflammation of the peritoneum and/or diaphragm and the capsule of the liver, leading to the development of adhesions between these structures known as “violin string” adhesions
30
“Violin string” adhesions
can develop between the peritoneum and/or diaphragm and the capsule of the liver in Fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome (commonly caused by gonococcal PID)
31
Disseminated gonococcal infection can cause
septic arthritis or polyarthralgias (typically asymmetrical and of the knee)
32
Passage of newborns through a birth canal colonized with Neisseria gonorrhoeae can cause
an infection of the conjunctivae (gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum), which results in blindness if left untreated
33
Treatment for gonorrhea
ceftriaxone (given as a single intramuscular injection) is effective against gonorrhea
34
The standard treatment for suspected gonococcal infection
presumes a Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis co-infection; azithromycin or doxycycline should be administered in addition to ceftriaxone (effective against Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, respectively)