Bacteria: Gram Positive Branching Filamentous Rods

Question 1

Actinomyces israelii

Answer 1

1. gram positive
2. filamentous
3. bacillus
4. branching bacilli
5. obligate anaerobes

Question 2

Actinomyces israelii bacteria are a part of

Answer 2

the normal oral flora

Question 3

Actinomyces israelii can cause

Answer 3

cervicofacial disease following oral/jaw trauma (including dental procedures)

Question 4

actinomycosis can cause cervicofacial disease commonly following jaw trauma characterized by

Answer 4

firm abscesses in the face or neck that eventually form cutaneous sinus tracts

Question 5

hard yellow granules (“sulfur granules”) drain from the sinus tracts in

Answer 5

cervicofacial actinomycosis

Question 6

_______ is effective against Actinomyces israelii

Answer 6

Penicillin G

Question 7

Nocardia asteroides

Answer 7

1. gram positive
2. filamentous
3. bacillus
4. branching bacilli
5. obligate aerobes
6. ubiquitous in soil

Question 8

Nocardia asteroides bacteria stain

Answer 8

partially acid-fast due to mycolic acids in the cell membrane

Question 9

Carbol fuchsin is a

Answer 9

dye used to detect acid-fast bacteria, such as Nocardia asteroides

Question 10

Nocardia Asteroides bacteria are ______ positive

Answer 10

1. gram
2. catalase
3. urease

Question 11

Nocardiosis predominantly affects

Answer 11

immunocompromised patients

Question 12

Pulmonary nocardiosis commonly causes

Answer 12

infiltrates, multifocal nodules, and cavitary lesions in the lungs

Question 13

pulmonary nocardiosis can present with

Answer 13

pneumonia-like symptoms

Question 14

Cavitary lesions of pulmonary nocardiosis are often misdiagnosed as

Answer 14

tuberculosis

Question 15

Brain abscesses and ring-enhancing lesions on CT are features of

Answer 15

CNS nocardiosis

Question 16

Cutaneous nocardiosis occurs due to

Answer 16

direct inoculation of bacteria or from disseminated pulmonary infection

Question 17

Treatment for Nocardia asteroides

Answer 17

sulfonamides (particularly trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) are effective against Nocardia asteroides

Question 18

List the Gram Positive Branching Filamentous Rods

Answer 18

1. Nocardia Asteroides

2. Actinomyces Israelli