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Bacteria: Gram Indeterminate Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

List the gram indeterminate bacteria

A
  1. Chlamydia trachomatis
  2. Chlamydia pneumonaie
  3. Chlamydia Psittaci
  4. Coxiella burnetti
  5. Gardnerella Vaginalis
  6. Mycoplasma Pnuemoniae
  7. Rickettsia Prowazekii
  8. Rickettsia Rickettsii
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2
Q

Chlamydia spp. bacteria are

A

obligate intracellular ogranisms

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3
Q

Chlamydia spp. bacteria take up

A

Gram stain poorly (Chlamydia spp. are weakly gram-negative)

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4
Q

the cell wall of Chlamydia spp. bacteria

A

lacks muramic acid (a component of peptidoglycan)

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5
Q

elementary bodies

A

elementary bodies (the extracellular, infectious form of Chlamydia) are formed in the first of two developmental stages of Chlamydia and do not replicate

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6
Q

reticulate bodies

A

(the intracellular, replicating form of Chlamydia) are formed in the second of two developmental stages of Chlamydia

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7
Q

after division, Chlamydia reticulate bodies

A

after division, Chlamydia reticulate bodies transform back to elementary bodies (the nonreplicating infectious form) and are released from the host cell

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8
Q

intracytoplasmic reticulate bodies of Chlamydia can be seen as

A

intracellular inclusion bodies on microscopy

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9
Q

Giemsa stain can be used to visualize

A

Chlamydia intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies

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10
Q

a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) is the preferred method to detect the presence of

A

Chlamydia bacteria

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11
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis serovars D-K and L1-L3 cause

A

sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

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12
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis serovars D-K are

A

sexually transmitted, and infection often presents with watery vaginal or urethral discharge

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13
Q

STIs caused by Chlamydia trachomatis serovars D-K may lead to

A

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) if left untreated

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14
Q

STIs caused by Chlamydia trachomatis serovars D-K may be transmitted from

A

mother to child during delivery and often cause conjunctivitis or pneumonia

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15
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis serovars L1-L3 can cause

A

lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), which is characterized by painful inguinal lymphadenopathy

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16
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis serovars A-C can cause

A

infection of the eye known as trachoma (the leading cause of preventable blindness in the world)

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17
Q

hand-to-eye contact is the most common mode of transmission of

A

trachoma (caused by Chlamydia trachomatis serovars A-C); trachoma can also be transmitted via fomites

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18
Q

reactive arthritis (or Reiter’s syndrome) is a

A

complication that can develop in response to infections caused by certain bacteria, such as Chlamydia trachomatis

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19
Q

the classic triad of symptoms seen in Reiter’s syndrome (caused by multiple pathogens, including Chlamydia spp.) includes

A
  1. uveitis
  2. urethriris
  3. arthritis
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20
Q

Chlamydophila pneumoniae can cause

A

atypical pneumonia

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21
Q

Chlamydophila psittaci is transmitted via

A

bird droppings and can cause atypical pneumonia

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22
Q

_____ are effective against Chlamydia spp.

A
  1. macrolides (particularly azithromycin)

2. tetracyclines (particularly doxycycline)

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23
Q

the standard treatment for suspected chlamydial infection

A

the standard treatment for suspected chlamydial infection presumes a Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis co-infection; ceftriaxone should be administered in addition to azithromycin or doxycycline (effective against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis, respectively)

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24
Q

Coxiella burnetti bacteria are

A
  1. gram negative

2. obligate intracellular ogranisms

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25
Coxiella burnetii infection does not present with
rash
26
Coxiella burnetii is the cause of
Q fever (a typically mild disease that causes flu-like symptoms)
27
Coxiella burnetii forms
spore-like structures that enable the bacteria to survive in the digestive tract and feces of the host
28
Coxiella burnetii is spread via
aerosol transmission
29
common symptoms of Q fever include
headache and dry cough
30
Q fever can present with
fever
31
farm animals are a major reservoir for
Coxiella burnetii
32
Q fever can cause
granulomatous hepatitis
33
Gardnerella vaginalis bacteria are
gram variable
34
if the normal vaginal flora (consisting primarily of acid producing Lactobacillus spp.) is disrupted
if the normal vaginal flora (consisting primarily of acid producing Lactobacillus spp.) is disrupted, the pH of the vagina increases, creating a suitable environment for growth of Gardnerella vaginalis
35
Gardnerella vaginalis infections may present with
a thin, grey-white, “fishy” smelling vaginal discharge
36
the vaginal discharge from bacterial vaginosis (i.e. Gardnerella vaginalis) has a pH of
>4.5 (usually between 5.0-6.5)
37
the whiff test
the whiff test involves the addition of 10% KOH solution to vaginal discharge in suspected bacterial vaginosis caused by Gardnerella vaginalis; the production of a pungent, fishy odor indicates a positive result
38
wet mount preparation of discharge seen in bacterial vaginosis caused by Gardnerella vaginalis shows
characteristic clue cells (vaginal epithelial cells diffusely covered in Gardnerella vaginalis bacteria)
39
__________ is effective against Gardnerella vaginalis
metronidazole
40
Mycoplasma pneumoniae bacteria
lack a cell wall and thus cannot be visualized with use of Gram stain
41
the cell membrane of Mycoplasma pneumoniae contains
cholesterol
42
chest X-ray of patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniaee infection shows
chest X-ray of patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniaee infection shows a reticulonodular or “patchy” infiltrate, which often appears much more severe than the patient's clinical symptoms
43
Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes
"walking pneumonia," which refers to the mild severity of pulmonary infection
44
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is common in
military recruits living in close quarters
45
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection commonly occurs in
adults under 30 years of age
46
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection may result in
development of IgM cold agglutinins (immunoglobulins that cause the agglutination of RBCs at low temperatures), which can lead to hemolysis
47
________ ________ is designed to grow Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Eaton's agar
48
________ are effective against Mycoplasma pneumoniae
macrolides
49
Rickettsia spp. bacteria are
1. obligate intracellular organisms | 2. weakly gram-negative coccobacilli
50
Rickettsia spp. bacteria take up
Gram stain poorly (Rickettsia spp. are weakly gram-negative)
51
host eukaryotic cells provide Rickettsia spp. bacteria with a source of
1. CoA (which is essential for bacterial growth and reproduction); Rickettsia bacteria cannot produce CoA on their own 2. NAD+ (which is essential for bacterial growth and reproduction); Rickettsia bacteria cannot produce NAD+ on their own
52
the Weil-Felix test is
an agglutination test that aids in diagnosis of rickettsial infections
53
headache and fever are common symptoms of
early rickettsial infections
54
rickettsial infections commonly result in
a small-vessel vasculitis
55
rickettsial infections commonly cause
vasculitis, resulting in a petechial or maculopapular rash
56
________ is the drug of choice for treatment of Rickettsia spp. infection
doxycycline
57
the rash seen in Rickettsia prowazekii infection
1. develops centrally on the trunk and spreads outward to the extremities 2. typically spares the face, palms, and soles
58
military camp recruits and prisoners of war are at a higher risk for
Rickettsia prowazekii infection
59
Rickettsia prowazekii is transmitted via
the feces of lice and is introduced into the bloodstream when a patient scratches the feeding/defecation sites
60
the disease caused by Rickettsia prowazekii is called
epidemic typhus
61
________ and ________ are common symptoms of Rickettsia prowazekii infection
myalgias and arthralgias
62
Rickettsia prowazekii infection can lead to
pnuemonia
63
Rickettsia prowazekii infection can cause
encephalitis, which may present with fever, dizziness, and confusion
64
Rickettsia rickettsii causes
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
65
the Dermacentor tick is the vector of
Rickettsia rickettsii bacteria
66
the rash of Rocky Mountain spotted fever develops
1. after a 2-14 day incubation period | 2. peripherally on the wrists and ankles and spreads centrally to the trunk
67
symptoms of Rickettsia rickettsii infection include
headache, fever, myalgias, and rash

Sketchy Medical (46 decks)

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