Bacteria: Spirochetes Flashcards

1
Q

List the 3 spirochetes

A
  1. Borrielia Birgdorferi
  2. Leptospria Interrogans
  3. Treponema Pallidum
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2
Q

Borrelia Burgdorferi

A

spirochete

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3
Q

Lyme disease commonly occurs in the

A

northeastern US

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4
Q

Lyme disease is transmitted by the

A

Ixodes tick

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5
Q

The _______ _________ _______ is the host of the Ixodes tick larvae (the vector of Borrelia Burgdorferi bacteria)

A

white footed mouse

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6
Q

The ______ ______ ______ is the obligatory host of adult Ixodes ticks (the vector of Borrelia Burgdorferi bacteria)

A

white-tailed deer

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7
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria can be visualized using a

A

Wright or Wright-Giemsa stain

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8
Q

A hallmark of early localized Lyme disease (stage 1) is

A

erythema chorincum migrans (or a “bull’s-eye” rash)

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9
Q

early localized Lyme disease (stage 1) may present with

A

flu like symptoms such as fever and chills

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10
Q

Early disseminated Lyme disease (stage 2) may result in

A
  1. heart block caused by myocarditis

2. bilateral Bell’s Palsy

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11
Q

Late disseminated Lyme Disease (stage 3) may result in

A
  1. large joint migratory polyarthritis

2. encephalopathy

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12
Q

_________ should be administered during early stages of Lyme disease

A

Doxycycline

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13
Q

_____ should be administered during late stages or in severe cases of Lyme disease

A

ceftriaxone

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14
Q

Leptospira interrogans

A

spirochete

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15
Q

Leptospira interrogans spirochetes have a

A

question mark appearance on microscopy

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16
Q

Leptospira interrogans can be found in

A

water contaminated with infected animal urine

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17
Q

Leptospirosis commonly presents with

A

fever

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18
Q

non-suppurative conjunctivitis is a common finding in

A

early leptospirosis

19
Q

Weil’s disease

A

severe form of leptospirosis involving renal and hepatic failure

20
Q

leptospirosis can involve

A

multiple organs by hematogenous spread

21
Q

leptospirosis/Weil’s disease can cause

A
  1. acute kidney injury
  2. liver dysfunction
  3. jaundice
22
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

spirochete

23
Q

Treponema pallidum is a

A

spirochetal bacteria that appears spiral-shaped on microscopy

24
Q

What is needed for direct visualization of Treponema pallidum

A

dark-field microscopy is needed for direct visualization of Treponema pallidum bacteria

25
What is the screening test for syphillis
VDRL
26
What can cause a false positive result on a VDRL test
1. mono 2. rheumatoid factor 3. systemic lupus erythematosus 4. leprosy 5. IV drug use
27
What is the confirmatory test for syphillis
the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS) is the confirmatory test for syphilis
28
Primary stage of Syphilis
chancres are painless sores that typically form on the genitals or anus during the primary stage of syphilis
29
Secondary syphilis is a
systemic disease
30
Secondary Syphilis
1. a diffuse maculopapular rash occurs during secondary syphilis and commonly involves the palms of the hands and soles of the feet 2. condyloma lata are flat-topped cutaneous lesions that sometimes develop on the genitals during the secondary stage of syphilis
31
Treponema pallidum spirochetes can be visualized within
condyloma lata using dark-field microscopy
32
Gummas
gummas are soft growths with firm, necrotic centers that form during the tertiary stage of syphilis
33
syphilitic aortitis
syphilitic aortitis (which occurs during the tertiary stage of syphilis) presents with “tree-barking” of the aorta and may result in the formation of a thoracic aortic aneurysm
34
the destruction of the vasa vasorum by Treponema pallidum bacteria is the cause of
syphilitic aortitis during the tertiary stage of syphilis
35
Tabes Dorasalis
tabes dorsalis (a demyelination of the of the nerves in the dorsal/posterior columns of the spinal cord) is a complication of tertiary syphilis
36
Argyll Robertson pupils
Argyll Robertson pupils (which display accommodation but do not react to light) may be seen during the tertiary stage of syphilis
37
Saber shins
saber shins (a sharp anterior bowing of the tibia) is a possible complication of congenital syphilis
38
Sadle Nose
saddle nose (a collapse of part of the nasal bridge) is a possible complication of congenital syphilis
39
Hutchinson's Teeth
Hutchinson’s teeth (blunted/notched incisors) and Mulberry molars (enamel growth on cusps of molars) are possible complications of congenital syphilis
40
Congenital syphilis may result in
congenital syphilis may result in sensorineural hearing loss
41
_____ is an effective treatment for syphilis
Penicillin
42
The Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction
consists of fever and chills caused by exotoxin release due to the death of Treponema pallidum bacteria after initiation of antibiotic therapy
43
the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction is characterized by
fever and chills