Fungi: Cutaneous Mycoses

Question 1

List the cutaneous mycoses

Answer 1

1. Malassezia furfur
2. Epidermophyton
3. Trichophyton
4. Microsporum
5. Sporothrix Schenckii

Question 2

Dermatophytes

Answer 2

1. Epidermophyton
2. Trichophyton
3. Microsporum

Question 3

Malassezia furfur is a fungus that causes

Answer 3

cutaneous mycosis

Question 4

Malassezia furfur causes

Answer 4

pityriasis (tinea) versicolor (a superficial skin infection characterized by hypopigmented, hyperpigmented, or erythematous macules on the trunk and upper extremities)

Question 5

Malassezia furfur is classically described as

Answer 5

having a “spaghetti and meatballs” appearance on KOH mount of skin scrapings

Question 6

the conversion of Malassezia furfur yeast cells to the pathogenic mycelial form is associated with

Answer 6

heat and humidity

Question 7

Malassezia furfur can cause

Answer 7

hypopigmented, hyperpigmented, or erythematous macules on the trunk and upper extremities (pityriasis (tinea) versicolor)

Question 8

Malassezia furfur is a

Answer 8

lipid-dependent fungus (the upper body may be the predominant location of infection due to greater sebum production in this location)

Question 9

Malassezia furfur generally

Answer 9

Malassezia furfur generally stays confined to the most superficial layer of the epithelium (the stratum corneum)

Question 10

Malassezia furfur fungemia is associated with

Answer 10

neonates receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) through catheters

Question 11

___________ is effective against Malassezia furfur

Answer 11

topical selenium sulfide (Selsun Blue)

Question 12

Epidermophyton spp., Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp. dermatophytes that cause

Answer 12

cutaneous mycosis

Question 13

Epidermophyton spp., Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp. (dermatophytes) cause

Answer 13

1. tinea (fungal infection of the skin or scalp also known as ringworm) on various parts of the body
2. cutaneous infections (not part of the normal skin flora)

Question 14

Epidermophyton spp., Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp. (dermatophytes) cause

Answer 14

1. tinea capitis
2. tinea cruris
3. tinea pedis
4. tinea corporis
5. onychomycosis

Question 15

Tinea capitis

Answer 15

tinea of the head and scalp

Question 16

Tinea cruris

Answer 16

tinea of the groin also known as jock itch

Question 17

Tinea pedis

Answer 17

tinea of the foot also known as athlete’s foot

Question 18

Epidermophyton spp., Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp. (dermatophytes) can be acquired via

Answer 18

contact with infected animals

Question 19

lesions seen in dermatophyte infections (tinea caused by Epidermophyton spp., Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp.) are often

Answer 19

pruritic

Question 20

Tinea corporis

Answer 20

tinea of the body

Question 21

the hyphae of Epidermophyton spp., Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp. (dermatophytes) can be seen with

Answer 21

KOH mount of skin scrapings

Question 22

a Wood’s lamp can be used to

Answer 22

detect the presence of dermatophytes of the Microsporum genus

Question 23

________ ______ are the mainstay of treatment for cutaneous dermatophyte infection (tinea caused by Epidermophyton spp., Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp.)

Answer 23

topical azoles

Question 24

onychomycosis

Answer 24

fungal infection of the nail

Question 25

_______ is effective in the treatment of onychomycosis caused by Epidermophyton spp., Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp. (dermatophytes)

Answer 25

1. terbinafine | 2. griseofulvin

Question 26

Sporothrix schenckii is a

Answer 26

dimorphic fungus that causes cutaneous mycosis

Question 27

Sporothrix schenckii fungi live in

Answer 27

soil and on plant matter

Question 28

Sporothrix schenckii is a

Answer 28

dimorphic fungus (grows as mold at 25-30°C and yeast at body temperature (35-37°C))

Question 29

sporotrichosis

Answer 29

is sometimes referred to as “rose gardener’s disease” because infection can result from being pricked by thorns (and other plant material) contaminated with Sporothrix schenckii fungi

Question 30

the yeast form of Sporothrix schenckii appears as

Answer 30

elongated cigar-shaped cells on microscopy

Question 31

sporotrichosis is generally caused by

Answer 31

traumatic inoculation of plant matter or soil contaminated with Sporothrix schenckii fungi, often resulting in the formation of subcutaneous nodules and ulcers

Question 32

in lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis

Answer 32

Sporothrix schenckii ascends along the lymphatics from the site of inoculation, forming subcutaneous nodules and ulcers

Question 33

_____ ____ is recommended for cutaneous and lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis

Answer 33

oral itraconazole

Question 34

a saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI) has historically been used to

Answer 34

treat cutaneous and lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis (SSKI has been replaced by antifungals in many parts of the world)