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Study 2nd sem > Parasit Malaria 2 > Flashcards

Parasit Malaria 2 Flashcards

1
Q

it is a medical emergency that should be treated aggressively with intravenous fluids and respiratory support

A

SEVERE MALARIA

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2
Q

long term health complications of severe malaria include _________________________

A

liver and kidney failure, and a ruptured spleen

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3
Q

the pathological process of malaria are the result of ___________________

A

Erythrocytic Cycle

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4
Q

allows fluid leak to tissues and blood vessel congestion leading to infarction and necrosis

A

Increased capillary permeability

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5
Q

severe form of MALARIA are usually caused by ______________________

A

Plasmodium falciparum

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6
Q

electron dense membranous structure, so called ________ causes cytoadherence, rosette formation, and sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes lead to decrease in tissue perfusion resulting in decreased renal blood flow

A

KNOBS (MAIN VIRULENCE FACTOR)

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7
Q

proteins necessary for cytoadhesion which has the function of antigenic variation

A

ROSETTINS

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8
Q

proteins necessary for cytoadhesion which has the function of association in severe, malaria; antigenic function

A

RIFFINS

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9
Q

proteins necessary for cytoadhesion which has the function of increasing the effectivity of ligand binding

A

Histidine-rich Protein (HRP)

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10
Q

proteins necessary for cytoadhesion which has the function of acting like LPS, stimulate monocyte to release TNF

A

Glycosylphophatidyl inositol (GPI)

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11
Q

proteins necessary for cytoadhesion which has the function of cytoadherence; antigenic variation

A

Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1

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12
Q

most adhesive protein for cytoadhesion

A

Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1

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13
Q

Seen in Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale infections

A

RELAPSE PERIOD

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14
Q

Seen in P. falciparum and P. malariae infections

A

RECRUDESENCE PERIOD

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15
Q

is due to persistence of drug resistant parasites, even after completion of treatment

A

RECRUDESENCE

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16
Q

Few sporozoites don’t develop into pre-erythrocytic schizont, but remain dormant (Hypnozoites) for 3 weeks to 1 year

A

RELAPSE

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17
Q

Hypnozoites can only be observed in (2) ___________________________

A

P. vivax and P. ovale

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18
Q

erythocytic cycle of P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale

A

P. vivax- 48 hours
P. falciparum- 36-48 hours
P. malariae- 72 hours
P. ovale- 42 hours

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19
Q

gold standard method for malarial diagnosis

A

MICROSCOPY EXAMINATION

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20
Q

are usually ring forms, immature, and mature

A

TROPHOZOITES

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21
Q

occasionally found; indicative of severer infection and should consider organ damage

A

SCHIZONTS

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22
Q

have sexual stages, infective stage to mosquitos

A

GAMETOCYTES

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23
Q

non staining part of MALARIA

24
Q

staining red part for MALARIA

A

NUCLEUS/ CHROMATIN DOT

25
Q

staining blue part for MALARIA

26
Q

most prevalent human malaria parasite

A

Plasmodium vivax

27
Q

found in Asia, Latin America, and in some parts of Africa

A

Plasmodium vivax

28
Q

Plasmodium vivax has dormant liver stages (________________________) that can activate and invade the blood (__________________________________) several months or years after the infecting mosquito bite

A

hypnozoites, causes relapse

29
Q

infected RBC of P.vivax and P. ovale

A

young and immature

30
Q

P. vivax eosinophilic stippling ____________________________-, all stages except early ring forms

A

Shuffner’s dots

31
Q

infected RBC of P. vivax will increase ________________ the size of a normal cell

32
Q

pigment for infected RBC of P. vivax

A

Golden Brown, inconspicuous

33
Q

ring form with heavy red dot and blue cytoplasmic ring

34
Q

relatively large and have delicate cytoplasmic ring and connected by single chromatin dot

A

P. vivax trophozoites

35
Q

growing trophozoites will have a _____________________________________________ pigment granules in cytoplasm

A

small-yellowish brown

36
Q

has loose, irregular, or close compact cytoplasm. Increasing the amount of brown pigments. Parasite fill cells in 30 to 40 hours

A

LARGE TROPHOZOITE

37
Q

mature schizont of P. vivax contains ____________ , __________, Parasite almost fills enlarged cells

A

12-24 merozoites, and pigments in 1 to 2

38
Q

parasite almost fills enlarged cells

A

Mature Schizont

39
Q

large pink to purple chromatin mass surrounded by colorless to pale halo yellow structure

A

P. vivax microgametocyte

40
Q

round to oval cytoplasm, smaller nucleus, eccentric chromatin mass, light brown pigment through out the cell

A

P. vivax Macrogametocyte

41
Q

PHASES OF P. vivax
Schizogony phase:
Prepatent phase:
Incubation phase:
length of asexual period:

Internal between parasite patency and gametocyte appearance:

Developmental period in mosquito

A

48 hours
11-15 days
12-20 days (ave 14)
48 hours
3-5 days
10 days at 28 deg C to 30 deg C

42
Q

P. vivax and P. ovale causes the disease

A

Benign Tertian Malaria

43
Q

found mostly in Africa and the islands of the western pacific

44
Q

Though P. ovale is biologically and morphologically similar to P. vivax, it is able to infect ____________ which is the case for many residents of sub-Saharan Africa

A

Duffy blood group negative

45
Q

infected RBC of P. ovale will become _____________ and increase ________________ the size of a normal cell

A

oval & enlarged, 1.5 times

46
Q

P. ovale eosinophilic stippling ____________________________-, all stages except early ring forms

A

James dots

47
Q

pigment for infected RBC of P. ovale

A

Dark Brown, conspicuous

48
Q

somewhat thick and ameboid appearance, larger than in P. vivax

A

Trophozoite (P. ovale)

49
Q

medium in size often maintains circular shape early in development

A

Immature Schizont

50
Q

round to oval cytoplasm, smaller nucleus, eccentric chromatin mass, light brown pigment through out the cell, smaller than in P. vivax

A

P. ovale macrogametocyte

51
Q

large pink to purple chromatin mass surrounded by colorless to pale halo yellow structure. Smaller than in P. vivax

A

P. ovale microgametocyte

52
Q

mature schizont of P. ovale contains ____________ ,

Merozoites occupy __________, of the RBC in a rosette formation

A

6-14 (ave, 8), 3 quarters

53
Q

PHASES OF P. ovale
Schizogony phase:
Prepatent phase:
Incubation phase:
length of asexual period:

Internal between parasite patency and gametocyte appearance:

Developmental period in mosquito

A

48 hours
14-26 days
11-16 days (ave 14)
48 hours
5-6 days
16 days at 25 deg C; 14 days at 27 deg C

54
Q

found worldwide, is the only human malaria parasite species that has a quartan cycle (three day cycle)

A

Plasmodium malariae

55
Q

disease caused by plasmodium malariae

A

Quartan Malaria

56
Q

causes a long lasting, chronic infection that in some cases can last a lifetime

A

Plasmodium malariae

57
Q

In some chronically infected patients with P. malariae can cause serious complications such as the _________________________

A

In some chronically infected patients with P. malariae can cause serious complications such as the _________________________

Study 2nd sem (32 decks)

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