PARA LA1 Flashcards
Average amount of stool in 24 hours
200g
normal frequency of stool in 24 hours
one or two stools
WHAT FECAL COLOR
Normal color is due to urobilin
BROWN
WHAT FECAL COLOR
upper Gastrointestinal bleeding, iron therapy, charcoal, bismuth, digested blood
Black or Tarry
WHAT FECAL COLOR
lower gastrointestinal bleeding
RED
WHAT FECAL COLOR
bile duct obstruction
YELLOW
WHAT FECAL COLOR
Steatorrhea
Bulky pale/ frothy/ foamy
WHAT FECAL COLOR
biliverdin, green vegetables, antibiotics, spinach
GREEN
WHAT FECAL ODOR
peculiar, offensive but not excessively foul
NORMAL
a reduction product of bilirubin
urobilin
WHAT FECAL ODOR
occurs in alkaline stool. Suggests some form of ulceration in the intestines or rectum, especially if due to malignancy, syphilis or gangrenous dysentery
EXTREMELY FOUL ODOR
WHAT FECAL ODOR
found in ulcerated and malignant tumors of the lower bowel and in large hemorrhages
PUTRID
WHAT FECAL ODOR
indicates gas formation, fermentation of carbohydrates, unabsorbed fatty acids an in high acidity
Sour or RANCID
are true intestinal concretions, these are the gallstones, pancreatic calculi, and intestinal sands
Enteroliths
WHAT CLASS OF GALLSTONE
smooth. white to yellow, rarely green or brown on the surface, crystalline, oval or spherical and seldom faceted
PURE CHOLESTEROL STONES
WHAT CLASS OF GALLSTONE
contain calcium salts of the bile pigments, found in yellow, brown, or green layers alternating with the layers of cholesterol, Cholesterol form 75% of the stone
LAMINATED CHOLESTEROL STONES
WHAT CLASS OF GALLSTONE
physically they show an external firm laminated crystalline crust that surrounds a soft pigmented nucleus, frequently containing a cavity filled with a yellow alkaline fluid
GALLBLADDER STONE
WHAT CLASS OF GALLSTONE
Calcium calculi-calcium bilirubinate is the chief constituent, but there is also found biliverdin. Stones appear small and occur in 2 forms: wax-like consistency, hard and brittle
MIXED BILIRUBIN
WHAT CLASS OF GALLSTONE
Amorphous and incompletely crystalline cholesterol gravel with nucleus of calcium bilirubinate with cholesterol in varying sizes
RARE FORMS
IDENTIFY WHAT CONSISTENCY
poor fat digestion
Pale, Bulky, Frothy
IDENTIFY WHAT CONSISTENCY
constipation
hard
IDENTIFY WHAT CONSISTENCY
obstruction in the lower bowel
Flattened and ribbon like
IDENTIFY WHAT CONSISTENCY
Digestive, upset, mild diarrhea or after taking laxative
Semisolid
IDENTIFY WHAT CONSISTENCY
bacterial infection or after taking purgative
Watery
IDENTIFY WHAT CONSISTENCY
CHOLERA
Rice watery stools
IDENTIFY WHAT CONSISTENCY
seen as ball shaped SCYBALA or goat droppings
Rounded scybalous masses
IDENTIFY WHAT CONSISTENCY
constipation, if very large in children may indicate “Hirschsprung’s disease”
Small caliber stools
IDENTIFY FECAL MUCUS
very small amount can be detected only by microscope
NORMAL
IDENTIFY FECAL MUCUS
easily detected with the naked eye
EXCESSIVE QUANTITY
IDENTIFY FECAL MUCUS
lesion probably in the small intestine
small in amount and intimately mixed with fecal material
IDENTIFY FECAL MUCUS
inflammation of the large intestine
large amount that are not well mixed with fecal matter
IDENTIFY FECAL MUCUS
dysentery, ileocolitis, and intussusceptions
stool composed wholly of mucus and streaked with blood
IDENTIFY FECAL MUCUS
mucus colic or membranous enteritis, representing complete casts of portions of bowel
shreds and ribbons of altered mucus
IDENTIFY FECAL MUCUS
mucus contaminated with albumin, fat, and many other cells
Hard and elastic mucus or leather like hardness
BRISTOL STOOL CHART
separate hard lumps, like nuts (hard to pass)
TYPE 1
BRISTOL STOOL CHART
sausage shaped but lumpy
TYPE 2
BRISTOL STOOL CHART
Like a sausage but with cracks on its surface
TYPE 3
BRISTOL STOOL CHART
Like a sausage or snake, smooth and soft
TYPE 4
BRISTOL STOOL CHART
Soft blobs with clear cut edges (passes easily)
TYPE 5
BRISTOL STOOL CHART
fluffy pieces with ragged edges, a mushy stool
TYPE 6
BRISTOL STOOL CHART
Watery no sloid pieces, entirely liquid
TYPE 7
