Bacte specimen management 2 Flashcards
A set of blood culture bottle is composed of two
bottles - _____________________, Fill _________ first before _____________
one each of aerobic and anaerobic culture bottles, Aerobic, anaerobic
Disinfect the cap of blood culture bottles with _______________________ and wait ______
70%
isopropyl alcohol or chlorhexidine, 30 secs
Recommended blood-to-broth-ratio is ______________________ to
negate antibacterial activity
1:5 to 1:10
________________________ will satisfy the required volume of the sample to detect\ bacteremia
Three sets of blood cultures
At least ______ of blood collected per day
60ml
Collect samples before patient receive ____________________
antimicrobial therapy-
Do NOT draw more than ____________ in a 24-h period
four sets
specimen of
choice for urine culture
Clean-voided midstream (CVS) (Minimum volume: 2-3 mL)
preferred as it provides
more concentrated sample (specimen of choice for
molecular studies)
First morning specimen -
clean urethral area and
insert catheter into bladder, allowing first 15 ml to
pass then collect remainder
Catheterized specimen
specimen of choice for
anaerobic culture (needle aspiration above the
symphysis pubis through the abdominal wall into the
full bladder)
Suprapubic aspirate
aspirate 5-10 ml with needle
and syringe
Indwelling catheter
formula for colony count
Colony count = No. of colonies x Factor
1ul (0.001 ml) - Factor to be used: __________
1000
10ul (0.01 ml) - Factor to be used: _______
100
Values ____________________ indicate infections
greater than 1.0 X10^5
Values between __________________
colonies/ml are considered contaminants.
1.0 X 10^3 and 1.0 X10^5
Specimen of choice for the detection of
gastrointestinal pathogens
STOOL
Stool specimens should be ________________ to the
container; not be contaminated with urine or water.
excreted directly
How many specimens for Bacterial infection: ________________________
3 specimens (once a day for 3 days)
How many specimens for Parasitic infection: ________________________
3 specimens within 10
days
Ratio of Stool to Preservative -
1:3
In case of microscopy, use ________________ to
observe fecal WBCS.
methylene blue
If a patient has received antiparasitic drugs, the
specimen collection should be done after ______________
7 to 10
days
If a patient is undergoing barium studies, the
patient must delay specimen collection until the
_______________________________
barium has cleared (4 to 5 days)
appears as a white chalky
substance in the specimen and masks the
appearance of parasites under the
microscope
Barium
Do not perform routine stool cultures for patients
whose length of stay in the hospital ____________
and whose admitting diagnosis was _________________;
these patients should be tested for __________________
exceeds 3 days, not diarrhea, Clostridiodes difficile
Used to diagnose bacterial pneumonia
SPUTUM
is the preferred sputum (AFB microscopy)
First early morning specimen
specimens are required for mycobacterial infections
Two to three consecutive early morning specimens
Patients are allowed to breath aerosolized droplets of
solution containing _________________________ for approximately ________________ or until________________ is initiated
15% sodium chloride and 10% glycerin, 10 minutes
_____________________ is used to collect sputum for pediatric and “uncooperative” patients
induced sputum
Patients should gargle their mouth with water and
expectorate with the aid of a deep cough directly into
a sterile container
expectorated sputum
Sputum is rejected if it
represents the saliva and not the lower respiratory tract secretions
Bartlett’s Criteria
For sputum samples to be accepted
for cultivation, there should be _________________________ and
________________________ per LPO
<10 SQUAMOUS epithelial cells, >25 pus cells (PMNs)
Collected through lumbar puncture
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
CSF Should be processed ___________________ but can be stored up to __________________________
immediately, 6 hours at 35-37 deg C
CSF specimen
1st tube: _____________________
2nd tube: ____________________
3rd tube: _________________
chemistry, microbiology, hematology
CSF needed for bacteria % virus, AFB & fungi
equal or greater than 1ml
equal or greater than 2ml
recommended method
for the CSF specimen
Rapid diagnostic testing (Direct Gram stain, Cryptococcal antigen test)
Never refrigerate CSF for _________________, but for
viruses, it can be held for _____________________
bacteriology, 4 deg C for 3 days
Use ____________________ if there’s no cytocentrifuge
acridine orange
to collect sediment (used for staining or culture
Cytocentrifuge
Add __________ for CSF collected from shunt
THIO
Specimen of choice for the recovery of Bordetella
pertussis
NASOPHARYNX SWAB
in nasopharynx swab A flexible swab is inserted through nose into __________________ and rotate for__________ and Must be transported within _______ (without transport medium)
posterior nasopharynx, 5 seconds, 15 minutes
A pre-moistened swab with sterile saline should be
inserted approximately 1-2 cm (1inch) nares and
rotate against nasal mucosa
NASAL SWAB
● Recommended specimen for the routine culture of
group A streptococci (S. pyogenes)
● Posterior pharynx and tonsils should be swabbed
without touching the palate and sides of the mouth
and tongue
GENITAL
THROAT/PHARYNX SWAB
● Used to diagnose STDs or Venereal diseases
● The mucus should be removed prior to collection.
GENITAL SPECIMEN: CERVIX
GENITAL SPECIMEN: CERVIX site of collection
● Endocervical canal
● Exudates should be removed before specimen
collection.
GENITAL SPECIMEN: VAGINA
Secretions from the_____________________ are swabbed.
mucous membrane of the
vagina
Perform Gram stain for bacterial vaginosis, especially
WBCs, clue cells
○ Gram-positive rods: _______________________
○ Gram-negative rods: ________________________
presence of Lactobacillus, presence of Mobiluncus
spp.
Traditional specimen of choice for Chlamydia trachomatis
GENITAL SPECIMEN: URETHRAL SWAB
GENITAL SPECIMEN: URETHRAL SWAB Collect __________ after the patient’s last urination.
1 hour
For microscopy, ____________ is utilized to observe fecal leukocytes
methylene blue
GASTROINTESTINAL: RECTAL SWAB, A swab should inserted ________________ in past anal
sphincter; feces should be visible on swab.
1-1.5 cm
______________________ medium can be utilized for rectal swabs.
Cary-Blair transport medium
Collected early in
the morning before
the patient rises
from the bed or
takes his/her first
meal
Gastric Aspirate
(Gastric Wash or
Lavage)
