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Study 2nd sem > Histo Circulation book based > Flashcards

Histo Circulation book based Flashcards

1
Q

propels blood through the system and is
surrounded by the pericardium

A

HEART

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2
Q

a fibrous sac lined by
serous mesothelium.

A

pericardium

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3
Q

a series of vessels efferent from the heart that
become smaller as they branch into the various organs, carry blood to the tissues.

A

Arteries

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4
Q

the smallest vessels, are the sites of O2 , CO2 nutrient, and waste product exchange between blood and tissues

A

Capillaries

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5
Q

capillaries in almost every organ form a complex network of thin, anastomosing tubules called the _________________________

A

microvasculature

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6
Q

result from the convergence of venules into a system of larger channels which continue enlarging as they
approach the heart, toward which they carry the blood to be pumped again.

A

Veins

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7
Q

two major divisions of arteries,
microvasculature, and veins make up the ______________________, where blood is oxygenated in the lungs, and the ___________________, where blood brings nutrients and removes
wastes in tissues throughout the body.

A

pulmonary circulation, systemic circulation,

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8
Q

thin-walled, closed-ended tubules carrying lymph that merge to form vessels of steadily increasing size

A

lymphatic capillaries

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9
Q

The internal surface of all components of the blood and lymphatic systems is lined by a simple squamous epithelium called ______________

A

endothelium

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10
Q

propel blood to the pulmonary and systemic circulations

A

ventricles

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11
Q

receive blood from the body and
the pulmonary veins, respectively

A

atria

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12
Q

consists of the lining endothelium, its supporting layer of fibroelastic connective tissue with scattered fibers of smooth muscle, and a deeper layer of connective tissue

A

endocardium

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13
Q

consists mainly of typically contractile cardiac muscle fibers arranged spirally around each heart chamber

A

myocardium

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14
Q

Because strong force is required to pump blood through the systemic and pulmonary circulations, the _______________ is much thicker in the walls of the ventricles than the atria

A

myocardium

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15
Q

the wall of the ______________ is about ________________ than that of the right ventricle because the left side must produce sufficient force to propel blood through the much larger systemic circulation with its multiple capillary beds

A

left ventricle, three times thicker

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16
Q

is a simple squamous mesothelium
supported by a layer of loose connective tissue containing blood vessels and nerves

A

epicardium

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17
Q

The epicardium corresponds to the ______________________, the membrane surrounding the heart.

A

visceral layer of the pericardium

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18
Q

These are pale-staining
fibers, larger than the adjacent contractile fibers, with sparse, peripheral myofibrils, and much glycogen

A

Purkinje fibers

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19
Q

is a specialized epithelium that acts as a semipermeable barrier between two major internal compartments: the blood and the interstitial tissue fluid.

A

endothelium

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20
Q

The endothelium presents a _______________________
on which blood will not clot and actively secretes agents that control local clot formation

A

nonthrombogenic surface

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21
Q

occur in the walls of all vessels
larger than capillaries and are arranged helically in layers

A

Smooth muscle fibers

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22
Q

are found in the
subendothelial layer, between the smooth muscle layers, and
in the outer covering

A

Collagen fibers

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23
Q

consists of the endothelium and a thin subendothelial layer of loose connective tissue sometimes containing smooth muscle fibers

A

tunica intima

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24
Q

consists chiefly of
concentric layers of helically arranged smooth muscle
cells

A

tunica media

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25
Q

is connective tissue consisting principally of type I collagen and elastic fibers

A

tunica adventitia

26
Q

Just as the heart wall is supplied with its own coronary vasculature for nutrients and O2
, large vessels usually have __________________________

A

vasa vasorum

27
Q

are required to provide metabolites to cells in those tunics in larger vessels because the wall is
too thick to be nourished solely by diffusion from the blood in the lumen

A

vasa vasorum

28
Q

these include the aorta, the pulmonary artery, and their largest branches

A

ELASTIC ARTERIES

29
Q

are slight dilations of the bilateral internal
carotid arteries where they branch from the (elastic) common carotid arteries

A

Carotid sinuses

30
Q

monitoring arterial blood pressure

A

baroreceptors

31
Q

monitor blood CO2 and O2 levels, as well as its pH

A

chemoreceptors

32
Q

distribute blood to the organs and help regulate blood pressure by contracting or relaxing the smooth muscle in the media

A

Muscular Arteries

33
Q

Conduct blood
from heart and
with elastic recoil
help move blood
forward under
steady pressure

A

Elastic arteries

34
Q

Distribute blood
to all organs and
maintain steady
blood pressure
and flow with
vasodilation and
constriction

A

Muscular arteries

35
Q

Distribute blood
to arterioles,
adjusting flow with
vasodilation and
constriction

A

Small arteries

36
Q

Resist and control
blood flow to
capillaries; major
determinant of
systemic blood
pressure

A

Arterioles

37
Q

Exchange
metabolites by
diffusion to and
from cells

A

Capillaries

38
Q

Drain capillary
beds; site of
leukocyte exit from
vasculature

A

Venules

39
Q

Collect blood from
venules

A

Small veins

40
Q

Carry blood to
larger veins, with
no backflow

A

Medium veins

41
Q

Return blood to
heart

A

Large veins

42
Q

permit and regulate metabolic exchange between
blood and surrounding tissues.

A

Capillaries

43
Q

network of Capillaries

A

capillary beds

44
Q

have many tight, well-developed occluding junctions between slightly overlapping endothelial cells, which provide for continuity along the endothelium and well-regulated metabolic exchange across the cells.

A

Continuous capillaries

45
Q

This is the most common type of capillary and is found in muscle, connective tissue, lungs, exocrine glands, and nervous tissue.

A

Continuous capillaries

46
Q

have a sieve-like structure that allows more extensive molecular exchange across the endothelium

A

Fenestrated capillaries

47
Q

permit maximal exchange of macromolecules as well as allow easier movement of cells between tissues and blood

A

Discontinuous capillaries, commonly called sinusoids

48
Q

At various locations along continuous capillaries and
postcapillary venules are mesenchymal cells called

A

pericytes

49
Q

are the primary site at which white blood cells adhere
to endothelium and leave the circulation at sites of infection or tissue damage.

A

Venules

50
Q

carry blood back to the heart from microvasculature
all over the body

A

Veins

51
Q

Most veins
are classified as _____________________

A

small or medium veins

52
Q

The big venous trunks, paired with elastic arteries close to the heart, are the _______________

A

large veins

53
Q

consist of thin, paired folds of the tunica intima
projecting across the lumen, rich in elastic fibers and covered on both sides by endothelium

A

valves

54
Q

excess interstitial fluid from the tissue spaces

A

lymph

55
Q

connects with the blood circulatory system near the junction of the left internal jugular vein with the left subclavian vein

A

thoracic duct

56
Q

enters near the confluence of the right subclavian vein and the right internal jugular vein

A

right lymphatic duct

57
Q

located in the subendocardial layer of both ventricles, are distinguished from contractile fibers by their greater diameter, abundant glycogen, and more sparse bundles of myofibrils

A

Purkinje fibers

58
Q

separates the atria from the ventricles, and provides insertions for cardiac muscle.

A

cardiac skeleton

59
Q

includes the endothelium, connective tissue, and an internal elastic lamina in larger vessels;

A

tunica intima

60
Q

contains alternating layers of smooth muscle and collagen or elastic lamellae

A

tunica media

61
Q

contains connective tissue, small vessels

A

tunica adventitia

Study 2nd sem (29 decks)

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