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Study 2nd sem > History bacte > Flashcards

History bacte Flashcards

1
Q

What is microbiology the study of?

A

Microbiology is the study of organisms that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.

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2
Q

Diseases caused by “invisible living creatures”

A

Lucretius & Girolamo Fracastoro

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3
Q

Earliest observations in bees & weevils using a microscope

A

Francesco Stelluti

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4
Q

First true microbiologist, observed living microorganisms

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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5
Q

What did Anton Van Leeuwenhoek refer to as “animacules”?

A

He referred to them as tiny living and moving cells observed under the microscope.

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6
Q

What does spontaneous generation (abiogenesis) state?

A

It states that life arises from non-living matter.

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7
Q

What was Aristotle’s view on spontaneous generation?

A

He believed that simple invertebrates could come from spontaneous generation.

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8
Q

How did Francesco Redi contribute to disproving abiogenesis?


A

demonstrated that maggots could not arise spontaneously.

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9
Q

What was John Needham’s argument in support of abiogenesis?

A

organic matter possessed a “vital force” that could give rise to life.

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10
Q

How did Lazzaro Spallanzani improve upon Needham’s experiment?


A

He heated the broth transferred to a sealed jar and observed no growth.

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11
Q

What conclusion did Spallanzani reach regarding Needham’s experiment?

A

He concluded that microorganisms in the air probably caused contamination in Needham’s experiment.

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12
Q

states that living cells could only arise from pre-existing living cells.

A

Biogenesis.

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13
Q

Who challenged the concept of spontaneous generation with biogenesis?

A

Rudolf Virchow

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14
Q

He observed no growth in a flask containing a nutrient solution after allowing air to pass through a heated tube.

A

Theodor Schwann

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15
Q

They demonstrated no growth after allowing air to pass through sterile cotton wool placed on a flask with heat-sterilized culture medium.

A

Heinrich Schroder and Theodore von Dusch

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16
Q

What was Louis Pasteur’s significant experiment that disproved abiogenesis?

A

Swan-Neck Flask Experiment.

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17
Q

air does not generate microbes, but microorganisms can contaminate a sterile solution.

A

Swan-Neck Flask Experiment by Pasteur prove

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18
Q

What technique did Louis Pasteur propose to prevent contamination?

A

aseptic technique, which involves using heat to kill microorganisms.

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19
Q

He developed vaccines against anthrax and rabies.

A

Louis Pasteur

20
Q

is minimal heating of beers and wine to kill most of the bacteria.

A

pasteurization

21
Q

Who discovered Bacillus anthracis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis?


A

Robert Koch

22
Q

Who introduced the use of culture media?

A

Walther Hesse

23
Q

Who was responsible for the use of agar in the preparation of media?

A

Fanny Hesse

24
Q

He developed the petri-dish for holding media.

A

Julius Richard Petri

25
Q

the study of parasites, hosts, and their relationship

A

parasitology

26
Q

is the study of fungi

A

mycology

27
Q

is the study of algae

A

phycology (algology)

28
Q

is the study of viruses

A

virology

29
Q

is the study of bacteria, which are unicellular and contain RNA and DNA

A

bacteriology

30
Q

Discovered structure of DNA

A

Francis Crick and James Watson

31
Q

Identified and Isolated HIV

A

Robert Gallo and Luc Montagnier

32
Q

Developed Polymerse chain reaction

A

Karry Mullis

32
Q

Discovered the streptomycin and neomycin antibiotics

A

Selman Waksman

33
Q

Discovered the antibiotic penicillin (Penicillum notalum)

Discovered the lysozyme

A

Alexander Fleming

34
Q

First to propose the correct biochemical structure of penicillin

A

Edward Abraham

35
Q
A
36
Q

Discovered salvarsan for the treatment of syphilis

A

Paul Ehrlich

37
Q

Developed the yellow fever vaccine

A

Max Theiler

38
Q

Father of Handwashing

demonstrated the routine handwashing

A

Ignaz Semmelweis

39
Q

Introduced antiseptic surgery, including handwashing, wearing gloves, and sterilizing surgical instruments.

A

Joseph Lister

40
Q

Showed importance of oxygen to life

A

Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier

41
Q

Introduced concept of tyndallization

A

John Tyndall

42
Q

Discovered that there are bacteria that could withstand a series of boiling due to endospores

A

Ferdinand Cohn

43
Q

submicroscopic creatures living in clusters and having a short life and said to pervade each and every part of the universe

A

nigodas

44
Q

postulated the existence of unseen microbiological life

A

Jainism (ancient religion in India)

Study 2nd sem (10 decks)

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