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Study 2nd sem > Parasit Intestinal and Luminal flagellates > Flashcards

Parasit Intestinal and Luminal flagellates Flashcards

1
Q

an intestinal parasitic flagellate known to cause epidemic and endemic diarrhea

A

Giardia intestinalis

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2
Q

symptoms include diarrhea, stomach cramps, and bloating

A

Giardiasis

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3
Q

Giardia intestinalis was discovered by ______________________________ in his own stool (1681)

A

Antoine van Leeuwenhoek

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4
Q

first described by _________ a french scientist

A

Dr. F. Lambl (1859)

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5
Q

Dr. F. Lambl called it

A

Cercomonas intestinalis

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6
Q

replication of Giardia intestinalis

A

Longitudinal Binary Fission

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7
Q

young cyst of G. intestinalis have __ nuclei while mature cysts have ___

A

2, 4

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8
Q

shape of Giardia intestinalis cyst

A

Ovoid in shape

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9
Q

shape of Giardia intestinalis trophozoite

A

pair of ovoidal nuclei, each side of the midline

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10
Q

Giardia intestinalis trophozoite nuclei

A

pair of ovoidal nuclei, each side of the midline

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11
Q

Giardia intestinalis dorsal side is _________ while ventral side is _______________

A

Convex, Concave

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12
Q

Medial line of Giardia intestinalis is called

A

axostyle

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13
Q

the Giardia intestinalis trophozoite has 4 pairs of flagella,____________________, ______________________, ________________________

A

1 pair extending anteriorly, 1 pair extending posteriorly, 2 pairs extending centrally

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14
Q

infective stage of Giardia intestinalis

A

MATURE CYST

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15
Q

excystation of Giardia intestinalis happens in

A

duodenum

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16
Q

Giardia intestinalis trophozoites attaches to the ______________________

A

intestinal villi

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17
Q

Giardia intestinalis cysts are passed out in the stool and are viable up to ___________ in water

A

3 months

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18
Q

encystation of Giardia intestinalis occurs in

A

colon or large intestine

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19
Q

Giardia intestinalis is able to alter _____________________ once it has attached to the apical portion of the enterocyte

A

mucosal intestinal cells

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20
Q

Giardia intestinalis attachment is maximal at _________________ and stable at pH ____________

A

Body temperature, 7.8- 8.2

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21
Q

Giardia intestinalis avoid peristalsis by __________________

A

trapping in between the villi

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22
Q

alterations caused by Giardia intestinalis include

A

villous flattering, crypt hypertrophy

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23
Q

Clinical manifestation of Giardia intestinalis in chronic cases

A

Steatorrhea

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24
Q

Clinical manifestation of Giardia intestinalis in acute cases

A

Abdominal pain and cramping
Abdominal Bloating
Diarrhea
Excessive flatus
Odor of rotten eggs
Nausea
Anorexia

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25
Q

Clinical manifestation of Giardiasis (4)

A

Mild Diarrhea
Abdominal Cramps
Anorexia
Flatulence

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26
Q

motility of Giardia intestinalis

A

Falling leaf or Floating leaf-like

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27
Q

recommended number of stool specimens for Giardia intestinalis

A

3 stool examinations on alternate days

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28
Q

Treatment for Giardia intestinalis (5)

A

Metronidazole
Tinidazole
Furazolidone
Albendazole
Nitazoxanide (Drug resistant Cases)

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29
Q

common flagellates of the tropical areas

A

Trichomonas spp.

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30
Q

Trichomonas spp. only exist in ____________

A

trophozoite stage

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31
Q

Trichomonas spp. has an ________ which runs down the middle of the body and ends in the pointed end of the trophozoite

A

axostyle

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32
Q

Trichomonas spp. consists of _____ flagella

A

3-5

33
Q

inhabits the mouth and the smallest among the Trichomonas spp.

A

Trichomonas tenax

34
Q

inhabits the intestine and is slightly larger than T. tenax

A

Trichomonas hominis

35
Q

inhabits the genital tract and is the largest among the Trichomonas spp.

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

36
Q

most robust Trichomonas spp.

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

37
Q

most slender Trichomonas spp.

A

Trichomonas tenax

38
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis and tenax have _______________ undulating membrane accompanied by a very narrow costa with ________________

A

less than body length, no posterior trailing flagellum

39
Q

Nucleus of what Trichomonas spp.

Nucleus Elongated with chromatin usually appearing like small or fine granules, uniformly distributed Rounded, oval, or angular in shape with chromatin varying in appearance: homogenous or large masses

A

nucleus of Trichomonas vaginalis

40
Q

Nucleus of what Trichomonas spp.

Rounded, oval, or angular in shape with chromatin varying in appearance: homogenous or large masses

A

nucleus of Trichomonas tenax

41
Q

axostyle of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

May split up into 2-8 splinters

42
Q

axostyle of Trichomonas tenax

A

slender

43
Q

appearance in iron hemotoxylin prep of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

granules are prominent

44
Q

appearance in iron hemotoxylin prep of Trichomonas tenax

A

granules along the costa, but are few

45
Q

Trichomonas spp.

lives in the tartar around the teeth and gums

A

T. tenax

46
Q

Non pathogenic Trichomonas spp. (2)

A

T. tenax
T. hominis

47
Q

Trichomonas spp.
inhabits the cecal area of large intestine

A

T. hominis

48
Q

mode of transmission of Trichomonas hominis

A

Fecal-oral Route

49
Q

motility of Trichomonas spp.

A

jerky, quirvy

50
Q

most prevalent non-viral STI

A

Trichomoniasis

51
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis is found in the ____________________ of women (2)

A

vagina, renal pelvis

52
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis is found in the ____________________ of men (3)

A

urethra, prostate, epididymis

53
Q

Mode of transmission of Trichomonas spp.

A

Sexual Intercourse

54
Q

include symptoms of scanty secretion mixed with mucus and purulent and copious

A

Vaginal Infection (STRAWBERRY CERVIX)

55
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis secretes foul-smelling liquid vaginal secretions, __________ or ________ in color

A

greenish or yellow

56
Q

quickest and most inexpensive way to diagnose trichomoniasis

A

saline preparation of vaginal fluid

57
Q

golden standard of Trichomonas vaginalis Culture

A

2 to 5 days
- Diamond’s modified medium
- Feinberg and Whittington medium

58
Q

standard treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metrodinazole

59
Q

Motility of T. vaginalis

A

Rapid, jerky

60
Q

Motility of T. hominis

A

Nervous, jerky

61
Q

only intestinal ciliate infecting humans

A

Balantidium coli

62
Q

reservoir host of Balantidium coli

A

PIGS

63
Q

disease caused by Balantidium coli

A

Balantidiasis

64
Q

bean shaped, easily identified

A

Macronucleus

65
Q

extrusive organelles beneath the cell membrane

A

Mucocysts

66
Q

color of Balantidium coli if unstained

A

greenish-yellow

67
Q

incubation period of Balantidium coli

A

4-5 days

68
Q

excystation of Balantidium coli occurs in _________________

A

small intestine

69
Q

trophozoite inhabit the lumen, mucosa, and submucosa of the ____________________

A

large intestine

70
Q

Balantidium coli reproduction

A

asymmetric binary fission

71
Q

infective stage of Balantidium coli

A

Cysts via hog’s feces

72
Q

Do not present with diarrhea or dysentery, may serve as parasite reservoir

A

Asymptomatic Carriers

73
Q

diarrhea with bloody and mucoid stool

A

Balantidial Dysentery/ Fulminant Balantidiasis

74
Q

6 to 15 episodes of diarrhea accompanied with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting

A

Acute Balantidiasis

75
Q

Diarrhea may alternate with constipation, and may be accompanied by non specific symptoms such as:
- Abdominal pain
- Anemia

A

Chronic Balantidiasis

76
Q

infection of mesenteric nodes, appendix, liver, genitourinary sites, pleura, and lungs

A

Extraintestinal Balantidiasis

77
Q

Extraintestinal Balantidiasis complications (2)

A

Intestinal Perforation & Acute Appendicitis

78
Q

treatment for Balantidium coli (2)

A

metronidazole
750g per 3 times daily

tetracycline
500mg or 40mg/kg/dose divided in 4 doses for 10 days (adult and children)

79
Q

diagnosis for Pulmonary Balantidiasis

A

Bronchoalveolar washing

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