paper 2 classical case study

Question 1

Toda

Answer 1

Ethnographer: W. H. R. Rivers, The Todas (1906) - Pastoral community in Nilgiri Mountains - Dravidian language - Classificatory kinship terminology - Fraternal polyandry - Marriage by capture - Sickness attributed to natural causes, supernatural beings, or sorcery

Question 2

Andamanese

Answer 2

Ethnographer: A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, The Andaman Islanders (1922) - Hunting and gathering - Bilateral descent - Classificatory kinship terminology - Strict monogamy - Levirate marriage - Ambilocal residence - Animistic - Medicine man with supernatural powers - Illness attributed to spirits

Question 3

Baiga

Answer 3

Ethnographer: Verrier Elwin (1939), The Baiga - “Baiga” means “sorcerer, medicine man” - Austroasiatic language - Shifting cultivation - Raises pigs, poultry, goats, cattle - Patrilineal descent - Iroquois kinship terminology - Patrilocal residence - Dewar and gunia as religious practitioners - Illness attributed to malevolent supernatural forces

Question 4

Bhuiyas

Answer 4

Ethnographer: Sarat Chandra Roy (1935), The Hill Bhuiyas of Orissa - Indo-Aryan language - Swidden cultivation of paddy, cereals, lentils, vegetables - Patrilineal descent - Classificatory kinship terminology - Monogamous marriage - Marriage by elopement and capture - Village tutelary deity protects from diseases

Question 5

Chenchu

Answer 5

Ethnographer: Christoph von Fiirer-Haimendorf, The Aboriginal Tribes of Hyderabad (1943) - Hunting and gathering - Dialect of Telugu - Patrilocal and matrilocal marriage

Question 6

Gond

Answer 6

Ethnographer: Christoph von Fiirer-Haimendorf, The Aboriginal Tribes of Hyderabad (1943) - Dravidian language (Gondi) - Formerly nomadic hunters - Shifting cultivation - Patrilineal and patriarchal clan system - Monogamous unions - Belief in high god “Bhagwan” or “Bara Deo”

Question 7

Khasi

Answer 7

Ethnographer: P. R. T. Gurdon (1904), Note on the Khasis and Allied Tribes - Mori-Khmer language - Market-based economy - Jhum agriculture - Matriliny - Iroquois kinship terminology - Over half have adopted Christianity - Magico-religious treatment of sickness - Lyngdoh propitiates spirits

Question 8

Gujjar

Answer 8

Ethnographer: R. Khatana (1984), The Transhumance Economy of Gujara Bakarwals - Largest pastoral community in India - Jirga (Panchayats) manage resources - Transhumance in the Himalayas - Islamic faith, Sunni

Question 9

Sherpas

Answer 9

Ethnographer: Christoph von Fiirer-Halmendorf (1964), The Sherpas of Nepal: Buddhist Highlanders - Tibetan-related ethnic group - Tibeto-Burman language family - Trans-Himalayan trade - Omaha kinship terminology - Monogamous marriages - Tibetan Mahayana Buddhism - Herbal medicine, shamanic exorcism, lamas’ texts, amulets

Question 10

Maler

Answer 10

Ethnographer: L. P. Vidyarthi, The Maler: The Nature-Man-Spirit Complex in a Hill Tribe - Jhum cultivation - Nature-man-spirit complex - Dravidian-speaking tribe of the Rajmahal Hills