important part 2 Flashcards
argonauts of western pacific year
1922
malinowski kula idiom
tobriand islanders existence-regulat culture&economy
types of kula
inter isaland kula
island kla
inter island kula gender
males only
island kula gender
both
kula islanders call themselves
boyowans
kula outside islanders
dohu
kula objects
soulavo
mwali
necklace of
red shells
bracelets of
white
soulavo involves
exchange of neclace of red shells
mwali involves
white bracelts
kula principle
once in kula always in kula
kula partners types
receive mwali-give soulavo
receive soulavo-give mwali
gmwali
commercial exchange
non kula members
kula object life cycle
10 years
potlatch of
kwakiatul
kwakiatul of
north america
potlatch is an example
ceremonial exchange of kwakiatul
potlatch=
public demo distribution
callous destruction wealth
principles of potlatch
competitive spirit
prestige competitiveness
potlatch materials
food
canoes
blankets
haidas potlatch types
fhfv
funeral potlatch
house building
face saving
vengence
modern economic principles
profit maximization
demand-supply principle
rationality principle
potlatch against
modern economic principles
two schools of economic anthropology
formalist
substantivist
neo marxism
property is burned to achieve higher social status
potlach of kwakiatul
formalist principle
principles of modern economy
substantivist principle
principles of social economy
formalist substantivist debate founder
karl polanyi
formalist substantivist terminology
webers-formal&substantivist ratinality
formalist scholars
herkovitz
sahisbury
schneider
principle or rationality or
profit loss principle
substantivist scholars
polanyi,bohanon,dalton
opposition to principle of maximization
potlatch of kwakiatul
kogi indians
opposition to principle of rationality
money is to west kinship is to rest
money is to west kinship is to rest
sahalin
opposition to demand and supply principle
coastal fisherman&inland cultivators of africa
polanyi book
the great transformation
neo marxist scholars
goddlier
terry
friedman
marx concept
concept of producrion
godlier concept
concept of social &economic formation
neo marxism
marx+godlier concept
hunting gathering communities in india
cki jao
chenchu
kadar
irula
jarawa
andamanis
onge
hunting gathering communities in world
ne
ap
kb
aa
north america eskimos
african pygmies
kalahari bushmen
australian aborginals
who differentiated the settlement of hunters and gatherers
lr binford
lr binford hunters gathers settlement differentiation
foragers
collectors
principles governing production
mode of unting
principles governing distribution
ownership of resources
distribution of resources
principles governing consumption
fishing hunters of chile
acy
alaculuf
chono
yagen
eskimos fishing tools
ckids
canoes
kayak
igloos
dogleds
spear throwers
shifting cultivation\
swidden agriculture
slash &burn
naga shifting
jhum
bhutia shifting
dahi
koman
maria of
bastar
maria shifting
penda
khond shifting
podu
baiga shifting
bewar
different names of shifting
jdkppb
jhum
dahi
kaman
penda
podu
bewar
taskforce on shifting cultivation year
1893
case study on shifting cultivation
gonds of andhraprades
odisha
cattle rearing tribesworld
ndm
nuer
dinka
masai
camer horse sheep goat rearing
kazag-kirgiz central asia
kazak of
central asia
kirgiz of
central asia
chukchee of
russian siberia
reindeer herding tribe
chukchee
buffalo herding
toda
example of horticultural tribes
ata btt ihz amr
arapesh
tobriand islanders
azande
bemba
tiv tallensi
ifanguo
hopi -zuni red indians
abor
muria gond
rename naga
disu of
indonesia
kachim of
burma
aztecs of
america
example of agric tribes world
dka
indonesian disu
burma kachim
america aztecs
indian agri tribes
hlbob
ho
lepcha
baiga
oraon
bhil
authority-political system types
unicentric ps
multicentric
centralised
state-political system types
state ps
stateless political system
eg unicentric political sy
band
eg multicentric ps
lineages of tribes
eg centralized ps
modern state
eg statless political sys
band tribal political system
types of tribal political system
lineage system
age system
village council
evolution of political system
band
tribal(lineage,age ,village council)
state (primitive,archaic,modern state)
types of state political system
primitive
archaic
modern
primitive political system/
chiefdom
band features
very mobile group
6-8 extended families
30-60 persons
nomadic hunting gathering
bushman of
africa
siangmong of
malaya
band world example
bpes
african bushman
pygmies
siberian eskimos
malaya siamong
band india eg
bcaki
birhor
chenchu
andaman islanders
kerela-kadar irulas
kinship based tribal ps
segmentary
non kinship based tribal ps
age set ps
village council
segments=
tribes divided into lineages
maximal and minimal lineage
nuer & tiv of nigeria
headless political system or
acephalous political system
eg headless poli sys
tiv
nuer
masai
feud=
dispute about cow/goat theft-adultry-limb loss
neur chief
leopard skin chief
eg age set pol sys
nigeria yako
masai
village council working
marginal cultivation
pastoralist
gardeer population
village council eg
pyi
publo indians of north america
yako
ibo
emergence of state by
evans prichard
pueblo indians of
north america
3 primitive states
collective chiefdom
paramount
kingdom
swaji of
south africa
kingdom eg
swaji sa
zulu sa
bantu afr
defined territories without boundaries
chiefdom
features of state org
csd st
centralised authority
size of society
defined territory
social order
types stats
concept of power involves
ica
influence
coercive control
authority
weber power definition
chance of men-realise will in communal action -against partcipating in action
authority=
power with leitimacy
influence=
form of power
influence model&ideas
coercive control-
performed thr command
enforced thr action
conformity with commands=
authority
webers 3 model of legitimization of authority
tradition
special attributes of authority person
law of norms
locus of authority
authority concentratted person
system of authority criteria
end to wch authority applied
means of authority
two types of locus of authority
minority locus
well distributed
part time specialist in
stateless societies
full time specialist in
state societies
basis of allocation of authority
dynastic
hereditaty
elecctive
combination
social sanction term by
radcliffe brown
features of simple societies
ppppp ss kn
primitive political org
preliterate&preindustrialised
primitive agri &tools
kinship
subsistence&non monetised
supernatural belief
radcliffe brown social sanction types
positive
negative
r.brown new term ofr law in simple societies
social sanctions
positive social sanction
approval -awards,rewards,clapping ,cheating
negative social sanctions
disapproval -abuse ,mockery&punishment
features of law a&justice in simple societies\
nc cc sp kc
non codified&customary
civil&criminal
simple laws
part times specialist
based on kinship bonds
clan elders
social control mechanism/
justice delivery mechanism
mechanism of justivce delivery
identification& establishment of wrong
enforcement of law&punishment
identiidentification&establishment of wrong
osk oo
ordeals
saveli
kriya
oracle
oath
enforcement of law and punishment
pmt frf
public opinion mockers
magic,witchcraft &socery
threat of withdrawal of reciprocity
fear of supernatural power
revenge
fine
ordeals eg
malers
saveli=
lick red hot sacred axe 3 times
saveli eg
malers
kriya=
take salt smeared with cocks blood
oath=
toching sacred sword and uttering
oracle
questionto suspect after oath
oath sentence
if i tell lie i will die
magic,witchcraft&socery eg
tikopia studied by raymond firth
fear of supernatural power eg
age based societies in yako&masai
revenge eg
fear of killing in nigerian tiv
concept behind punishment
compensateaffected party
purify soul of wrong doer
bring enemies together
anthropological approach in study of religion
evoltuionary
psycological
functional
malinowski
brown
rename nagas dispute resolution
crying loudly
psycological or
symbolic approach
brown of survival
survival os society is more important than survival of indi
principle of sociology by
herbert spencer
monotheism eg
hudaism christianity islam
monotheism types
basic monotheism
exclusive
pluriform
religious dualism
pantheon=
collection og gods
polytheism types
hku
henotheism
kathenotheism
unlimited polytheism
exclusive monotheism=
pnly one god others demons
basic monotheism=
only one god reject others
pluriform monotheism=
only one main god others manifestation
religious dualism=
concept of god &antigod
polytheism=
belief in many demonic forces with ogd
henotheism=
one main god other gods granted
kathenotheism=
worship one supreme god wiithout denying the existence of other
unlimited polytheism=
different god of different names &forms
exclusive monotheism eg
christianity,islam,judaism
types of exclusive monotheism
ethical monotheism
intellectual monotheism
pluriform monotheism eg
nuer kwoth
religious dualism eg
zorastrianism
zorastrian god
ormazd
zorastrian evil
ahriman
henotheism eg
vedic hymes
unlimited polytheism eg
hinduism
classical religion of greece7rome
concept of sacred and profane by
emile durkheim
mircea eliade term
heinrophanies
heinrophanies=
other worldly
concept of dicotomy in every society
emile durkheim
heinrophanies by
mircea eliade
dicotomy according to eliade &durkheim
universally part of human existence
orgin of sacred in
australian aborginals totemism
dichotomy among nuers studied by
evans prichard
who aboloshed the dualism
weh stanner
function of myth
ejv dhi
explanation
justification or validation
description
healing & inspiration
sacred profane criticism scholars
lloyd warner
jake goody
buddhist scholars
myth etimology
mythos greek work
saviour ofaruna clan
aruna clan totem
llyod warner
sacred7profane dicotomy cannot used to show order
mythos=
fiction,story
third category called mudane by
weh stanner
jack goody
dicotomy is european religious thought
not universally applicable criteria
myth=
symbolic narratives of unknown orgin
partly traditional&partly religious
human is ritual being=
striking parallel between ritual &verbal behaviour
mythemes=
simple building blocks of myth
ritual=
performance of ceremonial acts prescribed by tradition
victor turner about myth
myths relate how one state of affair becomes another
malinowski functional theory of myth
device for educating&learning cultural &religious maintainance
structurral analysis of myth by
claude levi strauss
religious ritual=
manipulation of religioussymbols
2 types of religious symbols
verbal
non verbal-material
types of religious ritual
rituals of passage
rituals of intensification
individual rituals like vision quest
celestial ritual bly clergy
ORGIN OF RITUALS SCHOLAR
wr smith
frazer
durkheim
wr smith myth orgin
orgin of myth is totemism
frazer myth orgin
search led magic
durkheim myth orgin
australian aborginal totemis-ritual ,myth,religion
types of ritual
imitative
positive&negative4
sacrificial
life crisis
imitative ritual=
patterened after myth
positive ritual=
renewing ritual
negative ritual
avoidance\taboo
sacrificial ritual=
earliest\elemtary form of religion
life crisis ritual
one domain of life=birth,puberty,marriage,conception,&death
eg imitative ritual
new year ritual
eg life crisis ritual
twice born hindu ritual
twice born hindu ritual \
sacred thread ceremony
myth and ritual theories
myth-ritualistic theory
one developed from the other
myth ritualistic theory
myth does not stand by itself
tied to religion
one developed form other thepry is
refuted
different views of myth and ritual
ritual from myth-tylor
myth from ritual (primacy ritual theory)
myth and ritual -non co existence
ritual from myth theory given by
eb tylor
myth from ritual or
primacy of ritual theory
primacy of ritual theory scholars
wr smith
james frazer
myth and rituals are non co existence therory by
walter burkert
bronislow malinowski
types of religion
animism
animatism
fetishism
naturalism
\totemism
animism eg
korwa tribe
korwa tribe two spirits
benevolent
malevolent
dream death experience theory by
eb tylor
animatism other names
manaism
bongaism
animatism term by
rr marret
animatism=
belief in generalised impersonal power
mana concept in
melanesia
two types of mana
high mana with high power
low mana with low power
animatism in munda
bonga
cycle in munda
bonga
greater bonga
train
greatest bonga
airplane
concept of animatism by
rr marret
animatism year
1900
rr marret animatism book
theory of orgin ogf religious belief
theory of orgin of religious belief year
1900
rr marret opposed
tylors theory of animism
fetishism term
feticos
feticos meaning=
skillfully made object with supernatural powers
fetishism refers
worship of fetish objects
term fetishism used by
fanel brosses
fetish objects
jewellery
wood piece
stone
fetishism eg
voodos of togo
voodos of
togo
bondo of
india
fetish objects of voodos
blood
bone
fur
claws
fetishism in india
bondo
bondo fetish object
sword
religion orginated from fetishism
augustus comte
fanel brosses
genesis of naturalism is in
child like wonders of primitive man
totemism first explained by
emile durkheim
word toem derived from
todam of north america
ototem of ojiowa
totemism example
australian aborgines
theories of orgin of totemism
mclennan theory of totemis
frazer
mclennan totemism theory
combination of fetishism and exogamic descent
frazer totemism theory
cooperative division of labour
changes in tribal religion study by
gh ghurey
n.k.bose
gh ghurey and nk bose tribal srudy=
change in tribal religion due to hinduism,islam,christiantiy
frazer magic definition
technique to achieve specific goal by manipulating supernatural
wj goodey book
religion among primitives
magic religious continuum by
goodey
dahomi tribe studied by
herskovitz
similarities between magic and religion
cs fpc fat
concept
supernatural
functionaries &place
coexistence religion&magic
function
approach
technique
MAGIC RELIGION DIFFERENCE BY
ROBERT LOWIE
RR MARRET
FRAZER
MAGIC RELIGGION DIFFERENCES
np npr ns
notion of god
practitioners attitute towards god
nature of goal
relationship between practitioner &forllower
performer condition
nature of rituals
significance of scociety
DIFFERENC EBETWEEN RELIGION AND SCIENCE GIVEN BY
tylor
frazer
malinowski
similarities between magic and science
mmss tf cc bdc
mechanistic procedures
mechanical fashion-belief& assumption
specialist,special eqp,ingredients
typical lan
both fail
ceratin causes certain effects
body of principles
desired ends
confidence of humans
magico religious functionaries=
intermediate bw people&supernatural powers
shaman\
medicinal man
word shaman from
siberian tungas
annual spiritual trip by
coastal shaman of s.america
dasairi
shaman in bhuia of madhya pradesh
sira
maria gond shaman
bhopa
bhil shaman
child inclined towards drumming
eskimos
tendency toward dreaming in
angami nagas
functions of religion and magic
iwp sip
inextricability religion&society
wilson study in 1980
psychological function
social order&integaration
primitive societies
taboo etimology
oceanic word tabu\tapu
tapu=
prohibition
universal nature of taboo pointed by
james frazer
types of taboo
food taboo
sex
ritual
protective
taboo and ritual studies by
robert brown
characteristic of taboo
rbs
ritual prohibited
belief system
social control
desacralisation=
rites of purification
taboo depollution
opposite of tabu
nao
arnold van gennep country
french
rites de passage coined in
1909
rites de passage coined by
arnold van gennep
3 phases of rites de passage
seperation
liminality
incorporation
examples of riteds de passage
birth rites
puberty rites
marriage rites
death rites
birth rites eg
couvade rituals
puberty rites eeg
african bemba
marrige rites eg
berothal capture rites
death rites eg
african herero
3 phases of funerary rites
seperation phase
transition
incorportation
gennep book
rites de passage
victor turner liminality book
betwixt & between:the limited period in rites de passage
liminality etimology
limen -latin word
limen meaning
threshold
liminality=
disorientation in middle stage of rites of passage
rites of seperation or
preliminal rites
liminal rites or
transitional rites
post liminal rites or
incorporation rites
rediscovered the importance of liminality
victor turner
victor turner rites ofpassage study society
zambia lunda-ndembu
victor turner rites ofpassage study year
1951-54
broader view of liminality by
victor turner
communitas by
victor turner
communitas=
deconstruction of normative order
types of liminality
individual group social
individual liminality eg
death
divorce
illness
baptism
group liminality eg
ca
g
cohorts adulthood
graduation ceremonies
social liminality eg
sudden invasion
natural disaster
time of child education is liminal eg
mclaren
limnoid genres term by
victor turner
limnoid genres=
leisure time liminality
limnoid genres eg
pilgrims
monks
nuns
proponents of evolutionism
jj bachofen
eb tylor
lh morgan
james frazer
evolution=gshu
graducal change process
simple to complex
homogeneity-heterogeneity
uncertainty to certainty
social evolution given by
herbert spencer
august comte
darwinism emerged in
1859
social fossils term by
eb tylor
social fossils
contemporary simple societies
lh morgan called contemporary simple societies
survivals of past relics
classical evolutionist method
comparative method
unilineal evolution =
one direction from simple to complex
classical evolutionist believed
unilineal evolution
unilineal evolution due to
psychic unity of mankind parallel invention
lh morgan 4 theories
kinship teminology
evolution of society
evolution of marrige]
evollution of political orga
evolution of kinship terminology
malayan
north america’
descriptive
descriptive kinship terminology or
north indian
evolution of society
savagery to barbarism to civilization
evolution of marriage
promiscuity
consanguine
punaluan
syndyasmian
polygamy
monogamy
evolution of pol orglh morgan
societus to civitus
eb tylor evolution of religion
animism
polytheism
monotheism
theory of evolution of science by
frazer
frazer evolution of science
magic
religion
science
classical evolutionist 3 basic assumption given by
kaplan
kaplan 3 basic assumptions
naturalistic fashion study
psychic unity of mankind
comparative method
criticism of classical evolutionism
wfdfpcvp
westermarch
frans boas
diffusionist
functionalist
psychic unity
comparative method
victorian society
progressive evolution
tylor contribution
crpss
clasical evolutionist
religion orgin study
plough orgin
study of happiness in society
statistical study of anthropology
What is the contribution of E.B. Tylor to the theory of evolutionism in anthropology?
E.B. Tylor contributed to the theory of evolutionism in anthropology through his study on the origin of religion.
What are some other contributions of E.B. Tylor?
study of the origin of plough
, happiness in society, and
statistical study of anthropology.
definition of culture is widely accepted.
What is E.B. Tylor criticized for in his theory?
E.B. Tylor is criticized for the lack of scientific evidence in his theory.
E.B. Tylor’s non-evolutionary contribution in anthropology includes his role in
professionalizing the discipline, being the first professional anthropologist, and being regarded as the ‘Father of British anthropology.’
