P2 - ANT THEORIES

Question 1

P2 - ANT THEORIES

Evolution of Indian Culture and Civilization

Answer 1

Evolution of Indian Culture and Civilization,Cultural evolution theory,Lewis Henry Morgan,Ancient Society,”Morgan’s theory posits that cultures evolve through stages of development—from savagery to civilization—based on technological advancements, social organization, and cultural practices. It explains the progression of Indian cultures over time.”

Question 2

P2 - ANT THEORIES

Palaeo-Anthropological Evidences from India

Answer 2

Palaeo-Anthropological Evidences from India,Biological evolution,Charles Darwin,On the Origin of Species,”Darwin’s theory of biological evolution through natural selection explains the development and adaptation of humans in prehistoric India based on fossil and genetic evidence.”

Question 3

P2 - ANT THEORIES

Ethno-archaeology in India

Answer 3

Ethno-archaeology in India,Cultural ecology,Julian Steward,Theory of Culture Change: The Methodology of Multilinear Evolution,”Cultural ecology studies the relationship between culture and environment. In an Indian context, ethno-archaeology uses this theory to interpret ancient human-environment interactions and cultural adaptations.”

Question 4

P2 - ANT THEORIES

Demographic Profile of India

Answer 4

Demographic Profile of India,Population studies,Thomas Malthus,An Essay on the Principle of Population,”Malthusian population theory suggests that population growth is constrained by limited resources. Applied to India, this theory helps analyze population trends, fertility rates, and demographic transitions.”

Question 5

P2 - ANT THEORIES

Structure and Nature of Traditional Indian Social System

Answer 5

Structure and Nature of Traditional Indian Social System,Structural-functionalism,Radcliffe-Brown,Structure and Function in Primitive Society,”This theory examines how social structures and institutions function to maintain stability and coherence in society. In India, it explains the hierarchical and functional aspects of traditional social systems like the caste system and kinship networks.”

Question 6

P2 - ANT THEORIES

Caste System in India

Answer 6

Caste System in India,Caste and social stratification,Louis Dumont,”Homo Hierarchicus: The Caste System and Its Implications”,”Dumont’s theory explores how caste functions as a unique form of social stratification in India, emphasizing hierarchical relationships and ritual purity.”

Question 7

P2 - ANT THEORIESSacred Complex and Nature-Man-Spirit Complex

Answer 7

Sacred Complex and Nature-Man-Spirit Complex,Symbolic anthropology,Victor Turner,”The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual”,”Turner’s symbolic anthropology examines how sacred complexes and rituals express deeper cultural meanings and relationships between humans, nature, and spirits in Indian contexts.”

Question 8

P2 - ANT THEORIES

Classical Indian Anthropologist

Answer 8

Classical Indian Anthropologist,Historical particularism,Franz Boas,”Race, Language, and Culture”,”Boas’ approach emphasizes understanding cultures within their historical and cultural contexts, which is relevant for studying classical Indian anthropologists and their contributions.”

Question 9

P2 - ANT THEORIESImpact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, and Christianity on Indian society

Answer 9

Impact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, and Christianity on Indian society,Diffusionism,William H. R. Rivers,”The Todas”,”Diffusionism examines how cultural traits, including religions like Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, and Christianity, spread and influence societies like India’s through trade, migration, and conquest.”

Question 10

P2 - ANT THEORIES

Emergence, Growth, and Development in India: Contributions of Scholars and Anthropologists

Answer 10

Emergence, Growth, and Development in India: Contributions of Scholars and Anthropologists,Development anthropology,James Ferguson,”Global Shadows: Africa in the Neoliberal World Order”,”Development anthropology studies how scholars and anthropologists contribute to understanding and addressing social, economic, and cultural development in India, considering local contexts and global influences.”

Question 11

P2 - ANT THEORIES

Indian Village

Answer 11

Indian Village,Community studies,Robert Redfield,”The Little Community”,”Redfield’s community studies focus on understanding the social organization, economic activities, and cultural dynamics of traditional Indian villages, emphasizing their role in rural life and development.”

Question 12

P2 - ANT THEORIES

Linguistic and Religious Minorities in India

Answer 12

Linguistic and Religious Minorities in India,Minority studies,John Rex,”Race, Colonialism, and the City”,”Minority studies explore the social, political, and cultural dynamics of linguistic and religious minorities in India, addressing issues of identity, discrimination, and cultural preservation.”

Question 13

P2 - ANT THEORIES

Indigenous and Exogenous Processes of Socio-Cultural Change in Indian Society

Answer 13

Indigenous and Exogenous Processes of Socio-Cultural Change in Indian Society,Cultural change theory,Leslie White,”The Evolution of Culture: The Development of Civilization to the Fall of Rome”,”Cultural change theory examines how indigenous cultures in India adapt and transform through interactions with external influences (exogenous processes) while retaining core elements (endogenous processes) of their cultural identity.”

Question 14

P2 - ANT THEORIES

Tribal Situation in India

Answer 14

Tribal Situation in India,Tribal studies,Verrier Elwin,”The Religion of an Indian Tribe”,”Tribal studies by Elwin provide insights into the socio-cultural, economic, and political challenges faced by tribal communities in India, emphasizing their unique cultural practices, land rights, and development issues.”

Question 15

P2 - ANT THEORIES

Problems of Tribal Communities

Answer 15

Problems of Tribal Communities,Applied anthropology,Margaret Mead,”Coming of Age in Samoa”,”Applied anthropology addresses the practical challenges and solutions for improving the socio-economic conditions, healthcare, education, and cultural preservation among tribal communities in India, drawing on Mead’s methods of ethnographic research and advocacy.”

Question 16

P2 - ANT THEORIES

Developmental Projects and their Impact on Tribal Communities

Answer 16

Developmental Projects and their Impact on Tribal Communities,Development anthropology,James Ferguson,”Global Shadows: Africa in the Neoliberal World Order”,”Development anthropology examines how developmental projects, such as infrastructure, mining, or conservation initiatives, impact tribal communities in terms of displacement, environmental degradation, cultural disruption, and socio-economic changes.”

Question 17

P2 - ANT THEORIES

Problems of Exploitation and Deprivation of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes

Answer 17

Problems of Exploitation and Deprivation of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes,Critical race theory,Franz Fanon,”Black Skin, White Masks”,”Critical race theory analyzes power dynamics and systemic discrimination faced by marginalized groups like Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes in India, highlighting issues of exploitation, deprivation, and identity politics.”

Question 18

P2 - ANT THEORIES

Social Change and Contemporary Tribal Societies

Answer 18

Social Change and Contemporary Tribal Societies,Social change theory,Max Weber,”The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism”,”Social change theory examines how contemporary tribal societies in India adapt to globalization, urbanization, education, and political movements, influencing their socio-economic structures, cultural practices, and identity dynamics.”

Question 19

P2 - ANT THEORIES

Concept of Ethnicity and Tribal Societies

Answer 19

Concept of Ethnicity and Tribal Societies,Ethnicity and identity theory,Fredrik Barth,”Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference”,”Ethnicity and identity theory explores how tribal societies in India construct and negotiate their ethnic identities, boundaries, and interactions with other groups, influencing cultural diversity, political representation, and social cohesion.”

Question 20

P2 - ANT THEORIES

Impact of Religions on Tribal Societies

Answer 20

Impact of Religions on Tribal Societies,Cultural ecology,Marvin Harris,”Cows, Pigs, Wars, and Witches: The Riddles of Culture”,”Cultural ecology examines how religions such as Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, and indigenous beliefs shape the socio-cultural practices, rituals, worldview, and social hierarchy within tribal societies in India, influencing their adaptation and resistance to external influences.”

Question 21

P2 - ANT THEORIES

Tribe and Nation-State

Answer 21

Tribe and Nation-State,Structural-functionalism,Radcliffe-Brown,”Structure and Function in Primitive Society”,”Structural-functionalism explains how tribes and nation-states coexist and interact, emphasizing the roles each plays in maintaining societal stability and cohesion through their respective structures and functions.”

Question 22

P2 - ANT THEORIES

History of Administration of Tribal Areas and Tribal Development

Answer 22

History of Administration of Tribal Areas and Tribal Development,Applied anthropology,Sol Tax,”Papers on Anthropology in Administration”,”Applied anthropology applies anthropological knowledge to policy-making and administration, addressing issues in tribal areas by providing culturally sensitive development strategies and governance frameworks.”

Question 23

P2 - ANT THEORIES

Role of Anthropology in Tribal and Rural Development

Answer 23

Role of Anthropology in Tribal and Rural Development,Development anthropology,James Ferguson,”Global Shadows: Africa in the Neoliberal World Order”,”Development anthropology studies socio-economic and cultural factors influencing tribal and rural communities, guiding interventions that promote sustainable development, livelihood improvement, and cultural preservation.”

Question 24

P2 - ANT THEORIES

Contributions of Anthropology to Understanding Regionalism, Communalism, and Political Movements

Answer 24

Contributions of Anthropology to Understanding Regionalism, Communalism, and Political Movements,Political anthropology,Benedict Anderson,”Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism”,”Political anthropology examines how regionalism, communalism, and political movements emerge and evolve, offering insights into identities, power dynamics, and mobilization strategies within diverse cultural contexts.”