p1 - case studies Flashcards
p1 - case studies
Meaning, Scope and Development of Anthropology
Meaning, Scope and Development of Anthropology,”Anthropologist: Franz Boas; Place: United States; Community or Tribe: Various Native American tribes (e.g., Kwakiutl, Sioux); Book: Boas, F. (1911). Handbook of American Indian Languages; Key Finding Relevant to Topic: Boas emphasized cultural relativism and the importance of fieldwork in anthropology, shaping the discipline’s scope and development.”
p1 - case studies
Relationships with Other Disciplines
Relationships with Other Disciplines,”Anthropologist: Clifford Geertz; Place: Indonesia (Java); Community or Tribe: Javanese society; Book: Geertz, C. (1973). The Interpretation of Cultures; Key Finding Relevant to Topic: Geertz explored the intersection of anthropology with sociology, psychology, and literary theory, illustrating how anthropology can enrich interdisciplinary understanding.”
p1 - case studies
Main Branches of Anthropology
Main Branches of Anthropology,”Anthropologist: Bronisław Malinowski; Place: Trobriand Islands (Papua New Guinea); Community or Tribe: Trobriand Islanders; Book: Malinowski, B. (1922). Argonauts of the Western Pacific; Key Finding Relevant to Topic: Malinowski’s ethnographic research established the foundations of cultural anthropology, focusing on participant observation and functionalism.”
p1 - case studies
Human Evolution and Emergence of Man
Human Evolution and Emergence of Man,”Anthropologist: Louis Leakey; Place: Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania); Community or Tribe: Early hominins; Book: Leakey, L.S.B. (1965). Olduvai Gorge: My Search for Early Man; Key Finding Relevant to Topic: Leakey’s discoveries of fossil hominins provided crucial evidence for understanding human evolution and the emergence of early humans.”
p1 - case studies
Characteristics of Primates
Characteristics of Primates,”Anthropologist: Jane Goodall; Place: Gombe Stream National Park (Tanzania); Community or Tribe: Chimpanzees; Book: Goodall, J. (1986). The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior; Key Finding Relevant to Topic: Goodall’s long-term study of chimpanzees revealed their complex social behaviors and similarities to humans, contributing to primatology and understanding primate characteristics.”
p1 - case studies
Phylogenetic Status of Hominids
Phylogenetic Status of Hominids,”Anthropologist: Mary Leakey; Place: Laetoli (Tanzania); Community or Tribe: Early hominids; Book: Leakey, M. (1981). Disclosing the Past: An Autobiography; Key Finding Relevant to Topic: Leakey’s discovery of fossilized footprints at Laetoli provided evidence of bipedalism in early hominids, advancing our understanding of hominid phylogeny.”
p1 - case studies
The Biological Basis of Life
The Biological Basis of Life,”Anthropologist: Alfred Russel Wallace; Place: Southeast Asia, South America; Community or Tribe: Indigenous peoples; Book: Wallace, A.R. (1869). The Malay Archipelago: The Land of the Orang-utan and the Bird of Paradise; Key Finding Relevant to Topic: Wallace’s work in biogeography and evolution, including his co-discovery of natural selection, laid foundational principles for understanding the biological basis of life.”
p1 - case studies
Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology
Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology,”Anthropologist: Sir Mortimer Wheeler; Place: Harappa (Pakistan), Mohenjo-daro (Pakistan); Community or Tribe: Indus Valley Civilization; Book: Wheeler, M. (1954). Archaeology from the Earth; Key Finding Relevant to Topic: Wheeler’s excavations at Harappa and Mohenjo-daro revealed urban planning, sanitation systems, and cultural artifacts, shaping principles of prehistoric archaeology.”
p1 - case studies
The Nature of Culture
The Nature of Culture,”Anthropologist: Edward Tylor; Place: Global studies; Community or Tribe: Various cultures worldwide; Book: Tylor, E.B. (1871). Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom; Key Finding Relevant to Topic: Tylor’s concept of culture as a complex whole encompassing beliefs, practices, and artifacts laid the foundation for understanding the nature of culture in anthropology.”
p1 - case studies
The Nature of Society
The Nature of Society,”Anthropologist: Émile Durkheim; Place: France; Community or Tribe: European societies; Book: Durkheim, E. (1893). The Division of Labor in Society; Key Finding Relevant to Topic: Durkheim’s study of social integration and the division of labor highlighted the interdependence of individuals within society, contributing to sociological and anthropological understandings of social structures.”
p1 - case studies
Marriage
Marriage,”Anthropologist: Bronisław Malinowski; Place: Trobriand Islands (Papua New Guinea); Community or Tribe: Trobriand Islanders; Book: Malinowski, B. (1927). Sexual Life of Savages in North-Western Melanesia; Key Finding Relevant to Topic: Malinowski studied the institution of marriage among the Trobriand Islanders, emphasizing its functional role in regulating kinship, economic exchange, and social stability.”
p1 - case studies
Family
Family,”Anthropologist: Margaret Mead; Place: Samoa; Community or Tribe: Samoan society; Book: Mead, M. (1928). Coming of Age in Samoa: A Psychological Study of Primitive Youth for Western Civilisation; Key Finding Relevant to Topic: Mead’s research highlighted cultural variations in family structure and dynamics, challenging Western notions of universal family norms.”
p1 - case studies
Kinship
Kinship,”Anthropologist: Lewis Henry Morgan; Place: Iroquois (North America); Community or Tribe: Iroquois Confederacy; Book: Morgan, L.H. (1871). Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family; Key Finding Relevant to Topic: Morgan’s classification of kinship systems (e.g., Eskimo, Iroquois) laid foundational theories for understanding kinship structures and social organization.”
p1 - case studies
Economic Organization
Economic Organization,”Anthropologist: Karl Polanyi; Place: Various societies; Community or Tribe: Global analysis; Book: Polanyi, K. (1944). The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time; Key Finding Relevant to Topic: Polanyi’s study of economic systems emphasized the embeddedness of economic activities in social relations and cultural contexts, influencing anthropological perspectives on economic organization.”
p1 - case studies
Political Organization and Social Control
Political Organization and Social Control,”Anthropologist: E.E. Evans-Pritchard; Place: Nuer (Sudan); Community or Tribe: Nuer people; Book: Evans-Pritchard, E.E. (1940). The Nuer: A Description of the Modes of Livelihood and Political Institutions of a Nilotic People; Key Finding Relevant to Topic: Evans-Pritchard’s analysis of Nuer political organization and social control demonstrated how kinship and ritual practices shape authority and governance systems.”
p1 - case studies
Religion
Religion,”Anthropologist: Émile Durkheim; Place: Global studies; Community or Tribe: Various societies; Book: Durkheim, E. (1912). The Elementary Forms of Religious Life; Key Finding Relevant to Topic: Durkheim’s study of religion focused on its social functions in reinforcing collective beliefs and norms, illustrating its role in social cohesion and identity formation.”
p1 - case studies
Classical Evolutionism (Tylor, Morgan, and Frazer)
Classical Evolutionism (Tylor, Morgan, and Frazer),”Anthropologist: Edward Burnett Tylor; Place: Global studies; Community or Tribe: Various cultures; Book: Tylor, E.B. (1871). Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom; Key Finding Relevant to Topic: Tylor’s evolutionary approach posited that cultures evolve from simple to complex forms, laying foundations for understanding cultural development and human progress.”
p1 - case studies
Historical Particularism (Boas)
Historical Particularism (Boas),”Anthropologist: Franz Boas; Place: North America (United States); Community or Tribe: Various Native American tribes; Book: Boas, F. (1911). Handbook of American Indian Languages; Key Finding Relevant to Topic: Boas rejected universal theories of cultural evolution, advocating for the study of cultures in their historical and environmental contexts, shaping historical particularism in anthropology.”
p1 - case studies
Diffusionism (British, German, and American)
Diffusionism (British, German, and American),”Anthropologist: Grafton Elliot Smith; Place: Global studies; Community or Tribe: Various cultures; Book: Smith, G.E. (1915). The Ancient Egyptians and Their Influence Upon the Civilization of Europe; Key Finding Relevant to Topic: Smith’s diffusionist approach examined cultural similarities as products of cultural diffusion and migration, influencing early anthropological theories of cultural transmission.”
p1 - case studies
Functionalism (Malinowski); Structural-Functionalism (Radcliffe-Brown)
Functionalism (Malinowski); Structural-Functionalism (Radcliffe-Brown),”Anthropologist: Bronisław Malinowski; A.R. Radcliffe-Brown; Place: Trobriand Islands (Papua New Guinea); Various societies; Community or Tribe: Trobriand Islanders; Global analysis; Book: Malinowski, B. (1922). Argonauts of the Western Pacific; Radcliffe-Brown, A.R. (1952). Structure and Function in Primitive Society; Key Finding Relevant to Topic: Malinowski’s functionalism focused on how cultural practices fulfill specific social needs, while Radcliffe-Brown’s structural-functionalism emphasized social structures and their functional interrelations in maintaining social order.”
p1 - case studies
Structuralism (Lévi-Strauss and E. Leach)
Structuralism (Lévi-Strauss and E. Leach),”Anthropologist: Claude Lévi-Strauss; Place: Brazil (Amazon); Community or Tribe: Various indigenous tribes; Book: Lévi-Strauss, C. (1955). Tristes Tropiques; Key Finding Relevant to Topic: Lévi-Strauss applied structural analysis to kinship systems and myths, demonstrating how underlying structures govern cultural expressions.”
p1 - case studies
Culture and Personality (Benedict, Mead, Linton, Kardiner, and Cora-du Bois)
Culture and Personality (Benedict, Mead, Linton, Kardiner, and Cora-du Bois),”Anthropologist: Ruth Benedict; Place: United States, Japan; Community or Tribe: Various cultures (e.g., Pueblo, Japanese); Book: Benedict, R. (1946). The Chrysanthemum and the Sword: Patterns of Japanese Culture; Key Finding Relevant to Topic: Benedict explored how culture shapes personality and behavior, contrasting cultural patterns between Western and non-Western societies.”
