P3 - olympics Flashcards
what inspired Baron Pierre De Coubertin to making the games? what’s the story behind it? who did he watch play?
Modern Olympics:
The IOC was formed in 1894 in Paris and the games were established in 1896 by Baron Pierre De Coubertin who was influenced by the Ancient Olympics.
Before establishing the modern olympics, he visited Britain to experience our ethos of sport and liked the features of amateur sport he witnessed at public schools in Britain, such as Rugby School. During his visit he was also inspired by Cotswold Games, Much Wenlock Games & Dover Games which were smaller sports competitions.
Dr Penny Brookes also influenced De Coubertin who had established the Much Wenlock games to develop moral, physical and intellectual improvement using sport as the vehicle
what are the olympic values? FRED-ICE
Friendship
Respect
Excellence
Determination
Inspiration
Courage
Equality
what were the Olympic values?
Swifter, Higher, Stronger
what happened in Berlin 1936 – Hitler and Jesse Owens
Hitler used games as propaganda
Showcased Nazi supremacy and power of Third Reich
Germany team had trained full time but Lutz Lang, Aryan star, beaten by Jesse Owens in the long jump final
Owens won 4 gold medals
Hitler refused to present him with his medal
what happened in 1968 – Mexico City – Black Power Salute
South Africa invite withdrawn due to existence of racial Apartheid (segregation) in SA.
Civil rights protest during 200m medal ceremony due to racial inequality in the USA.
Tommie Smith and John Carlos, gold and bronze medallists, protested during American national anthem by giving a Black Power salute.
At a press conference afterwards, Smith said.…..
“If I win I am an American, not a black American. But if I did something bad then they would say I’m ‘a Negro‘.
The pair both wore black socks and no shoes, to represent Black poverty in the US
Smith (right glove) – represented black power
Carlos (left glove) – represented black unity in America
what happened in Munich 1972 - Terrorism
Day before the Games, 8 Palestinian militants scaled a perimeter fence of the athlete’s village, and took 11 Israeli athletes hostage.
They made a political request to release 234 Palestinians being imprisoned in Israel.
A rescue attempt followed but failed as all 11 athletes and 5 militants were killed.
Claimed by the Black September Group
IOC made controversial decision for the Games to go ahead & Olympic flags flown at half mast
It remains one of the most significant terror attacks of modern times
The incident thrust the Israeli-Palestinian crisis into the world spotlight, set the tone for decades of conflict and launched the new era of international terrorism.
A TV audience of 900 million viewers in more than 100 countries watched on
what happened in Moscow 1980
USA led boycott due to USSR invasion of Afghanistan in 1979.
British hockey, fencing and equestrian teams boycotted
6000 competitors took part, compared to the 10,000 expected.
Incredibly politicized games between USA and USSR due to the ongoing Cold War.
What happened in Los Angeles 1984
After the terror of 1972 and the financial disaster of 1976, Los Angeles was the ONLY bid for the Games.
Russia boycott in return for 1980 (along with East Germany, Poland, Bulgaria, Hungary and Cuba, all Eastern bloc countries in the Cold War)
The games were heavily commercialised to make financial gain. LA wanted to avoid the economic disaster and debt incurred by Montreal in 1976.
what is the shop window effect?
Boost National pride Create/ enhance national identity Improve morale Appease nation Create political / trade links Increase foreign investment Promote ruling political Party
