P3 - 20th century sport Flashcards
how was sport in the 20th century? (upper middle lower did what, why?)
Sport was divided by social class: Eg. Rugby union associated with upper/middle class saw less professionalism in comparison to other sports. Eg. Equestrian, rowing associated with upper/middle class. Eg. Football (professionalism) associated with working class. Eg. Boxing, darts, snooker associated with working class. More time for middle classes to participate & less for working class - Eg. Golf More money for middle classes to participate - Eg. Skiing Greater equity between classes in the late twentieth centuries. Eg. Municipal & public sports/leisure facilities available for most sports.
what changes to society happened in the 20th century?
Scientific and technological innovation continued to develop.
Many societies became rich but a significant wealth imbalance existed within society.
Huge urbanisation (growth of cities).
Available time for leisure grew, encouraging greater participation in sport.
Many wars and terrorism throughout the century.
what changes to social class happened in the 20th century?
The pub was the centre for working class men at the start of the century.
Working class men had less time for sport at the start of the century.
The social class system developed across the century, and still had a significant effect on the type of sport individuals would participate in (but lesser effect than 19th Century).
what changes to time and money happened in the 20th century?
Darts, dominoes and billiards were very popular amongst the working class and wagering continued to be widespread.
With gradual increases in leisure time and money, there were more opportunities to play and watch sport.
Boom in the fitness industry looking to exploit increased free time and disposable income towards the end of the centu
what changes to law and order happened in the 20th century?
The police force developed and grew across the century.
The impact of the RSCPA grew with most cruel sports disappearing entirely. Hunting, shooting and foxhunting for the gentry continued however.
Rules became stricter in competitive sports, eg. no biting was allowed in boxing and gloves had to be worn.
In the latter half of the 20th century, football stadia became all-seater and terraces were banned in professional football.
Football banning orders became introduced in the latter half of the 20th century to reduce the amount of football hooliganism that was a common occurrence at grounds during the 1970s-1980s.
Increased use of CCTV at stadia and the banning of alcohol during fixtures.
what changes to gender happened in the 20th century?
Traditional views of males & females dominated at the start of the century.
World War 2 resulted in many women adopting roles previously performed by men. Eg. Munitions production, PE instructing.
Spectatorship (mostly male) increased throughout the century and played a key role in maintaining troop morale during both World Wars.
The public now had to pay to watch competitions such as football, boxing or rugby as sports became professionalised.
However, despite the increasing women’s participation in sport by the end of the century, there were still very few female professionals in comparison to males.
what changes to transport happened in the 20th century?
Public and private transport became more accessible for everyone.
This allowed more to travel to spectate in and play sport.
In the 1940s large crowds began to attend football, rugby, cricket, boxing events.
what changes to education happened in the 20th century?
Schools now had to focus on physical development. Before 1965, the education system consisted of grammar, secondary modern and technical schools.
Physical education was on the curriculum for all schools. Public, secondary and earlier grammar schools all ran sports teams and offered extra-curricular provision.
School sport competitions are dominated by the upper classes who attend private education as this provides them with greater access to facilities, coaching & training time.
