Guidance

Question 1

What is Visual guidance? how should you use visual guidance?

Answer 1

Most common type (all stages)

Very effective in cognitive stage.

Helps form a mental image

Important to ‘cue’

Includes demos, videos, diagrams etc
Accurate models of demonstration

Skills are ordered correctly (and subroutines)

Demonstrations are simple, short and combined with verbal feedback

Question 2

What is Verbal guidance? how should you use verbal guidance?

Answer 2

Communicating through words and speech.
Used at every phase of learning
Used with visual guidance (dem0)
Effective in autonomous stage, especially when looking at tactics, match analysis
Must be clear and concise.
More effective in autonomous phase
With beginners, combine it with visual guidance

Question 3

What is Manual guidance?

Answer 3

Aim to reduce errors in performance by physically moving / supporting a performer’s movements

Question 4

What is Mechanical guidance?

Answer 4

Mechanical guidance involves the use of equipment to help support the learner and shape the skill.

Question 5

What are the pros and cons of visual guidance?

Answer 5

Pros - Create mental picture easily
Used at all stages
Encourages observational learning
Can draw attention to ‘cues’ / key elements of the skill
Cons - Demo can be incorrect (wrong mental image)
Coach may not be able to demo
Lots of irrelevant info may be present 
May be unclear or too quick to follow

Question 6

What are the pros and cons of verbal guidance?

Answer 6

Pros - Reinforce good/ correct performance
Help selective attention of the performer
Used at every stage
Can easily be provided during performance
Cons - Information overload
Can give inaccurate info
Dependent on communication skills of coach
Less effective in cognitive stage
Dependent on the learner’s ability interpret info
Some techniques are too difficult to describe verbally.

Question 7

What are the pros and cons of Manual/ mechanical guidance?

Answer 7

Pros - Reduce fear + increase confidence
Good for dangerous situations
Useful in cognitive stage
Good for developing kinaesthetic sense
Remove guidance quickly to prevent dependency
Cons - Limited use in group situations.
Not the same ‘feel’ as unaided movement
Performer may become too reliant on the support.
May prevent the development of kinesthesis
Performer may be uncomfortable with the support