P3 - Ethics and deviance Flashcards
what is the definition of ethics?
Rules that dictate an individual’s conduct. They form a system of rules that groups and societies agree on.’
In sport the term ‘sportsmanship’ and ‘spirit of the game’ are used
what is the definition of DEVIANCE
‘Unacceptable behaviour within a culture. Any behaviour that differs from the perceived social or legal norm.’
what is blood doping? pros cons?
Process:
Removal of 2 pints of blood several weeks before competition
Blood is frozen
Defrost blood 1-2 days before competition
Injected (IV) blood back into person
Increases RBC
Increases Hb and therefore O2 carrying capacity
Increased blood viscosity Risk of heart attack Pulmonary or cerebral embolism (blockage) Stroke Blood-borne diseases Allergic reaction
what causes athletes to take drugs?
Pressure - coaches/clubs/nation/friends and family
Political pressure - e.g. State sponsored programmes of Russia/East Germany
Money/fame
Parity/fairness - if they are unable to compete with the top athletes
What are the consequences and implications of taking drugs?
Concept of fair play damaged.
Reputation of sport damaged - e.g. Cycling seen as a ‘druggy sport’ due to Lance Armstrong & accusation of Bradley Wiggins
Health issues
Impact on wider society
- Win at all costs attitude (Lombardian Ethic)
- Suggests to younger athletes it’s OK to cut corners
- Encourages cheating
What are the strategies to prevent drug use?
More testing
Advances in technology - tests
Bigger/ stricter bans - WADA doubled bans in 2015 to 4 years
Education
Reinforce culture of ‘clean’ competition and ‘fair play’
why should PED’S be legalised?
improvement of recovery. records will be broken. win at all costs increased entertainment see how good we can get would cost less than to test for drugs everything would be fair from same resources increased level of competition
why shouldn’t PED’S be legalised?
can cause strokes can be harmful to induvial' s unfair on the athletes that don't wanna take it dangerous doesn't encourage hard work may decrease love of sports encourages cheating undermines Olympic values encourages cheating which will be the new spread of attitude for the sports
why is gambling so common in sports
Historical part of British culture
what is match fixing?
Match Fixing: ‘When a sports competition is played to a result that is partly
or completely pre-determined’.
‘When a player or official is bribed to throw a match’.
why has gambling in sports increased?
All-round increased deviance in sport
Accelerated by internet access (virtual money)
Filled space left by tobacco and alcohol advertising
Performers develop gambling problems resulting from very high wages
Increased sponsorship of gambling companies
Increased advertising in sport
what are strategies against gambling?
Independent ‘internal’ investigations into allegations
Controls on advertising/ sponsorship (e.g. - on gambling)
Close monitoring by police
Tracking of illegal betting patterns
Education
Tighter regulation of sports team ownership
what are causes of violence?
‘Win at all costs’ mentality - e.g. - Lombardian Ethic
Aggression - some sports attract/want aggression -
eg. - American Football
Society is violent, so why would sport be any different
Alcohol and drugs - e.g. - football hooligans, ‘roid rage’
Rivalries - e.g. - Celtic v Rangers, England v Germany
Media role - in promoting or glorifying violence
Response to officials (decision making)
Group identity - e.g. - Lazio ‘Ultras’ or West Ham’s ‘ICF’
what are the implications on society of violence?
Need to tackle violence in society first, in order to stamp it out from sport. ‘Sport reflects society’, so does society need stricter rules surrounding violence?
Some people love the idea of violence, so, may take up violence, sports or follow teams with a reputation for violence.
Legal aspect - should the same rules apply in society to the ‘field of play’ or do the authorities need to press charges against performers for aggressive/violent behaviour.
Watching sport that contains violence can encourage violence, particularly if younger spectators observe violent behaviour.
what are the strategies against violence?
Education - actions and consequences
Punishments - NGBs - e.g. - ‘citing’ in rugby
Stronger officiating
Example set by coaches/ managers
Law enforcement - e.g. - Football Spectators Act 1989: The aim of the Act was to identify individuals known to cause disorder at and around football matches, whether in the UK itself or abroad
Promotion of fair play and friendship
Technology - CCTV/ Police intelligence
