P3 - E.P. - Ergonomics Flashcards
Key Terms
Working Memory Model
* suggests there are different systems of memory storage for different types of information:
* Language - Phonological loop
* Visual Semantics - Visuo-spatial Sketchpad
* Short-Term Episodic memory - Episodic buffer
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Cognitive Load
* the amount of mental energy to complete a task, increased by hard/multiple tasks, reducing optimal performance & leading to cognitive overload
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Central executive
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Visuo-spatial sketchpad
* Visual Processing of Information
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Phonological loop
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CVS display
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Feng Shui 风水
* accessability of movement & function in an environment
DREWS & DROIG - Background
- University of Utah
- Use Ergonomics to reduce cognitive overload to:
- scan & understand information quickly in order to analyse & make diagnosis
- For hospitals; a very busy & overwhelming/ overstimulating (patients & machines, all w/ vital info)
- different forms of visual - graphs & numerical - audio
- stress & panick lead to making mistakes
- Updated models of Medical Equipment utilises Visuo-spatial sketchpad & Phonological loop
DREWS & DROIG - Aims
Develop new ICU display to reduce cognitive overload & increase speed & accuracy; using cognitive spread of diff processes
DREWS & DROIG - Methods
- IV =
- DV = response speed & accuracy to the 3 clinical scenarios
DREWS & DROIG - Procedure
DREWS & DROIG - Results
- Significant difference in response time between the two conditions.
- Those w/ CVS display identified the patient’s state 30% faster than old display group
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Response time increase: - 48% improvement in the septic shock scenario
- 38% with the pulmonary embolism
- Up to 1.9x higher accuracy in identifying the patient state compared to the numerical display condition.
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In all scenarios, the new displayer was better
DREWS & DROIG - Conclusions
- Providing patient information in a configural display w/ visible trends & data variability can improve the speed & accuracy of data interpretation by ICU nurses.
- May prevent cognitive overload
- May help working memory by using different skills at once
REMOVE? DREWS & DROIG - symptoms of Sepsis
- Chills
- Confusion or delirium.
- Fever or low body temperature (hypothermia)
- Lightheadedness due to low blood pressure
- Rapid heartbeat
- Skin rash or mottled skin
- Warm skin
REMOVE? DREWS & DROIG - symptoms of Pulmanory Embolism
- Sudden shortness of breath (most common)
- Chest pain (usually worse with breathing)
- A feeling of anxiety
- A feeling of dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting
- Irregular heartbeat
- Palpitations (heart racing)
- Coughing &/or coughing up blood
- Sweating
REMOVE? DREWS & DROIG - symptoms of Septic Shock
DREWS & DROIG - Evaluation
- Internal Validity high
- Ethnocentric - only carried out in the US, however Working memory model = universal
___ - RED vs HOL - Reductionist
APPLICATIONS - Feng Shui/Dazkir
The Chinese art of aranging rooms & buildings to have positive effects on those who use them.
* Dazkir - compared the effects of round OR straight-edged furniture on people’s emotions using computer-generated images of 4 rooms
* 100 undergraduate participants completed an online survey rating the rooms on certain factors
* The 4 rooms had one of two layouts and either had round or straight-edged furniture.
* The rooms were grayscale and had no pattern decoration
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* All rooms received negative ratings, but rounded-furniture had a higher level of pleasure/approachability
* Office communal areas often have more straight-edged furtniture: cost & results in low sociability
* Different adaptations of Feng Shui for different functions; e.g. making artrooms more colourful/blue
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* Design -
* High internal reliability
* Ethnocentric - only carried out in one Uni
* NAT vs NUR - working memory = NAT, external influence = NUR
Working Memory model
- Visiospatial Sketchpad - sound & language
- Phonological loop
Background - Baddely & Hitch
- Group 1 given spoken & written words, Group 2 given spoken & related pictures
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