P3 - C.P. - Effects of Imprisonment (Social)

Question 1

Types of Punishment

Answer 1

• Prison
• Fines
  
  • Behaviourist & negative reinforcement
• Death Penalty
  
  • ethnocentrism & culture
• House Arrest
• Restraining Order
• Community Service

Question 2

BACKGROUND - Purpose of sending someone to prison

Answer 2

• Protect other people in the community
• REHABILITATION vs JUSTICE
• Deterrant
  
  • prevent other people from committing the crime
  • social learning theory

Question 3

Negative consequences for Prisoners

Answer 3

Position of danger
* physical violence - especially sex crimes, even more so if on children
* emotional violence/harm
___
* They may turn to gangs; more crime
* Missing out on oportunities
* harder to reintegrate into society; stigma effecting empoloyment
* Negative psychological effects
* high suicide rates in prison
* Loosing self identity
* Losing touch with the world/their families

Answer 4

Recidivism rate was 25.5% from January - March 2022 (

• El Salvador now has one of the lowest crime rates in the world
• Gangs all put in prison
• no service - cannot run their gangs while they’re inside prison; no contact with outside world
• no contraband - very strict scans
• restricted freedoms
• controlled diets - no protein

Answer 5

Catagory A - most serious offenders

HMP Frankland in Durham (closest to us/Newcastle) - just for male prisoners now
Lucy Letby - in closed (off; locked up) female prison

Most UK prisons are catagory C (goes down to D)

Notes from Wansworth prison video
* drugs e.g. cannibis accessable to prisoners
* alcohol brewed in cells
* Phones smuggled in
* officers & other prisoners smuggle things in; concern over corruption
* officers overstretched; understaffed
* cycle of violence
* a prisoner felt unsafe; for fellow prisoners & officers
* poeple don’t care about officers’ mental health
* worries over late retiring due to not enough staffage & dying early from the stress

Question 6

Prison Reform as a response to criminal behaviour

Answer 6

Therapy/Councilling
* Specialised therapies are most fitting for prison population, such as
* Anger management
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Parole
*
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Teach them different skills OR Education
* e.g. cooking - chef & food hygene certificate
* do GCSEs or Uni courses or other studies
* places of employment (e.g. cafes) which exclusively employ ex-prisoners
___
Excersize (lesuire activities/hobbies)
* improve mental health
___
Self esteem, better mental healtgh, benifit the economy, reduce reciedivism rates

Question 7

Norweigan prison

Answer 7

NORWAY
* 60/10,000 incarsiration rate
* caps prison sentences at 22 years
* All abour prisoner reform rather than punishment
* comfortable & good quality of life
* made so intentionally easy to look outside at nature
* CONTACT OFFICERS - 2 years of training
* automatically more respectfull as a job opportunity & to prisoners
* can interact freely
* Philospohy of normality so prisoners can easily adjust back to normal life
* many US prisons have lots more violence guard on prisoner (prisoner as the victim)
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FINLAND
* not confined to a cell, can come and leave as he pleases (murderer)
* given study opportunities
* now one of lowest recividism rates

Answer 8

Gillis found that offenders who are employed while on conditional release (parole) are less likely to return to prison during that time
Showing planned employment at the time of release from prison is important for offenders reintegration into society

Question 9

HANEY - Method

Haney et. al includes Zimbardo

Answer 9

Participants
* 24 male, US college students selected from 75 responses - predominantly white & middle-class
* Volunteers who had responded to a newspaper advertisement
* Offered $15/day
* All completed a questionnaire about physical & mental health, & psychopathology
* Those selected were judged to be the most mature, most mentally stable & least antisocial
* not known to eachother prior to the experimenrs
___
Design
* Setting - a mock prison in a basement in Stanford University
* 3 small cells with 3 prisoners each, and a small space allocated as a ‘prison yard’;
* IV - Participants randomly assigned to be a guard or a prisoner
* 11 guards, 10 prisoners
* DV - behaviour of participants; video & audio recordings, direct bservation

Question 10

HANEY - Aim

Answer 10

Investigate the effect of being assigned to different roles (guard/prisoner)
In order to critically evaluate whether the resulting behaviour differences can be better explained by Situational or Individual (dispositional) factors

Question 11

HANEY - Procedure

Question 12

HANEY - Results

Question 13

HANEY - Conclusion

Answer 13

• Power of Situational Factors & powr of Social Roles