P3 - C.P. - Effects of Imprisonment (Social) Flashcards
Types of Punishment
- Prison
- Fines
- Behaviourist & negative reinforcement
- Death Penalty
- ethnocentrism & culture
- House Arrest
- Restraining Order
- Community Service
BACKGROUND - Purpose of sending someone to prison
- Protect other people in the community
- REHABILITATION vs JUSTICE
- Deterrant
- prevent other people from committing the crime
- social learning theory
Negative consequences for Prisoners
- Position of danger
- physical violence - especially sex crimes, even more so if on children
- emotional violence/harm
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- They may turn to gangs; more crime
- Missing out on oportunities
- harder to reintegrate into society; stigma effecting employment
- Negative psychological effects
- high suicide rates in prison
- Loosing self identity
- Losing touch with the world/their families
Recidivism & El Salvador’s mega-prison
Recidivism rate was 25.5% from January - March 2022 (UK)
Recidivism = rate of reoffending
- El Salvador now has one of the lowest crime rates in the world
- Gangs all put in prison
- no mobile service - cannot run their gangs while they’re inside prison; no contact with outside world
- no contraband - very strict scans
- restricted freedoms
- controlled diets - no protein
UK Prison system
Catagory A - most serious offenders
HMP Frankland in Durham (closest to us/Newcastle) - just for male prisoners now
Lucy Letby - in closed (off; locked up) female prison
Most UK prisons are catagory C (goes down to D)
Notes from Wansworth prison video
* drugs e.g. cannibis accessable to prisoners
* alcohol brewed in cells
* Phones smuggled in
* officers & other prisoners smuggle things in; concern over corruption
* officers overstretched; understaffed
* cycle of violence
* a prisoner felt unsafe; for fellow prisoners & officers
* poeple don’t care about officers’ mental health
* worries over late retiring due to not enough staffage & dying early from the stress
Prison Reform as a response to criminal behaviour
Therapy/Councilling
* Specialised therapies are most fitting for prison population, such as anger management
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Parole
* can improve reintegration success
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Teach them different skills OR education
* e.g. cooking - chef & food hygene certificate
* do GCSEs or Uni courses or other studies
* places of employment (e.g. cafes) which exclusively employ ex-prisoners
* Aston VIlla Foundation
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Excersize, Lesuire activities * Hobbies
* improves prisoner mental health
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Self esteem, better mental health, benifits the economy, reduce recidivism rates
Norweigan prison
NORWAY
* 60/10k incarsiration rate
* caps prison sentences at 22 years
* All about prisoner reform rather than punishment
* comfortable & good quality of life
* made so its intentionally easy to look outside at nature
* ‘CONTACT OFFICERS’ - 2 years of training, instead of prison officers/correctional officer
* automatically more respectfull as a job opportunity & to prisoners
* can interact freely
* Philospohy of normality so prisoners can easily adjust back to normal life
* many US prisons have lots more violence guard on prisoner (prisoner as the victim)
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FINLAND
* not confined to a cell, can come and leave as he pleases (murderer)
* given study opportunities
* now one of lowest recividism rates
GILLS ET AL.
Gillis found that offenders who are employed while on conditional release (parole) are less likely to return to prison during that time
Showing planned employment at the time of release from prison is important for offenders’ reintegration into society
HANEY - Method
Haney et. al includes Zimbardo
Participants
* 24 male, US college students selected from 75 responses - predominantly white & middle-class
* Volunteers who had responded to a newspaper advertisement
* Offered $15/day
* All completed a questionnaire about physical & mental health, & psychopathology
* Those selected were judged to be the most mature, most mentally stable & least antisocial
* not known to eachother prior to the experimenrs
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Design
* Setting - a mock prison in a basement in Stanford University
* 3 small cells with 3 prisoners each, and a small space allocated as a ‘prison yard’;
* IV - Participants randomly assigned to be a guard or a prisoner
* 11 guards, 10 prisoners
* Role decided by a coinflip, but told that it was decided by their traits
* DV - behaviour of participants; video & audio recordings, direct observation
HANEY - Aim
Investigate the effect of being assigned to different roles (guard/prisoner)
In order to critically evaluate whether the resulting behaviour differences can be better explained by Situational or Individual (dispositional) factors
HANEY - Procedure
HANEY - Results
HANEY - Conclusion
- Power of Situational Factors & powr of Social Roles
APPLICATION - Anger Management
- S1 - Cognitive preperation
- identifying what makes you angry (e.g. noise)
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- identifying what makes you angry (e.g. noise)
- S2 - Skill Aquisition
- Cpping mechinismsto deal with your anger in everyday situations
- Yoga, breathing techniques, walking away
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S3 - Application - Create a new habit/reaction to what previously made you angry in controlled setting through role play/scenarios
- works for certain types of criminals: violent offences, males
APPLICATION - Restoritive Justice
Perpertrator & Victim meet up to discuss what happened
* Perpertrator sees the consequences; unlikely to repeat the crime again
* More personal/emotional empathy through context
* Closure for the Victim (& perp)
May not be effective:
* Ethics
* Relive the trauma of the crime
* Consent
* If the Perp doesn’t have empathy, it will harm the Victim & not effect the Perp
* Both parties must be open-minded & motivted for it to work
EXTENTION TASK: ‘The Neuroscience of restorative justice’ Tedtalk
APPLICATION - Qualifications
Someone w/ qualifications is less likely to re-offend
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Aston Villa Foundation - ppl in HMP Birmigham (prison) involves teaching football coaching
* Teaching ppl about work as well as to be a football coach
