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3 - Psychology A Level (ADHD friendly) > Social - Authority > Flashcards

Social - Authority Flashcards

Milgram, Bocchiaro, Piliavin, Levine

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1
Q

MILGRAM - Methodological Issues

A

No extraneous variables, and is Replicable in Lab environment
Low Ecological Validity

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2
Q

MILGRAM - Background

A

Investigating how the Holocaust happened: Milgram’s Jewish family escaped it.
Destructive Obedience
Dispositional hypothesis: Germans naturally conform - original belief which Milgram disproved

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3
Q

MILGRAM - Sample

A

40 Men, 20-50 yrs, All from US, Volunteer

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4
Q

MILGRAM - Procedure

A

Told it was Learning Experiment in ‘teacher’ role; Learners = recording
Shocks ^ 15V every wrong answer and went up to 450V

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5
Q

MILGRAM - Conclusions

A

Situational hypothesis = Cause
People Obedient to Authority
Told they would be given no Responsibility

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6
Q

MILGRAM - Data Types

A

Both: Obedince rate (Volts gone up to) & their discomfort

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7
Q

MILGRAM - Ethics

A

+Debriefed at end
-Right to withdraw, but discouraged
-Psychological & physical harm

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8
Q

MILGRAM - Validity

A

High Internal, Low Eco: high demand characteristics

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9
Q

MILGRAM - Reliability

A

+All participants were obedient enough to take the voltage up to 300V, when the ‘learner’ banged on the wall and shouted
+The teacher is always the naive participant

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10
Q

MILGRAM - Ethnocentrism

A

Only white men from US: IS ethnocentric

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11
Q

MILGRAM - Link to Theme

A

How people act Unethically when ordered to by Authority

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12
Q

MILGRAM - Applications

A

Explained real-world atrocities & help ex-soldiers with guilt

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13
Q

MILGRAM - Design

A

Controlled Observation & Environment: Lab experiment

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14
Q

MILGRAM - Results

A

100% went to 300V or more
65% went up to 450V (maximum) - 1.2% were predicted to

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15
Q

MILGRAM - Hypothesis

A

Situational Hypothesis: higher conformity caused by social processes between individuals

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16
Q

MILGRAM - understanding of Theme

A

People likely act Unethically if told by Authority

17
Q

MILGRAM - understanding of Individual, Social & Cultural Diversity

A

Not only Germans would be Obedient; any race would be too

18
Q

BOCCHIARO - Background

A

Inspired by Milgram, wanted to investigate DISobedience; little prior research on whistleblowers

19
Q

BOCCHIARO - Method Issues

A

Lab

20
Q

BOCCHIARO - Sample

A

149 Students, Gynocentric

21
Q

BOCCHIARO - Procedure

A

Pilot Tests to test Validity
Group 1 told to write letter to convince people to take part in Unethical Sensory Deprevation experiment
Group 2 told everything & Obedience

22
Q

BOCCHIARO - Conclusions

A

Whistleblowing is uncommon, overestimated, people rank themselves as ‘special’

23
Q

BOCCHIARO - Data Types

A

Quant on rates of Obedience

24
Q

BOCCHIARO - Ethics

A

Participants from Pilot Tests reccomended it Ethically
Debrief
Psychological harm

25
Q

BOCCHIARO - Validity

A

Lab, but in this context also good Eco

26
Q

BOCCHIARO - Reliability

A

Lab, Standardised

27
Q

BOCCHIARO - Ethnocentrosm

A

Dutch Uni, Religion had no correlation to results

28
Q

BOCCHIARO - Applications

A

Whistleblowing in society, organisations etc.

29
Q

BOCCHIARO - Link to Theme

A

How likely people are to Ignore or Disobey Authority

30
Q

MILGRAM & BOCCHIARO - Similarities

A

Investigated Destructive Obedience
Deception
Lab. procedures with a single condition

31
Q

MILGRAM & BOCCHIARO - MILGRAM Diff.s

A

Ethically controversial
Androcentric (all male sample)
Qual used

32
Q

MILGRAM & BOCCHIARO - BOCCHIARO Diff.s

A

Researchers used elaborate ethical safeguards
Mixed sex
Pilot Tests

33
Q

MILGRAM - Remember

Way to remember which study is which

A

Holocaust, Volts

34
Q

BOCCHIARO - Remember

Way to remember which study is which

A

Whistleblowers; Ethical Milgram

35
Q

BOCCHIARO - Design

A

Lab procedure with Single Condition

36
Q

BOCCHIARO - Results

A

Overestimation of Whistleblowing, Underestimation of Obedience, Disobedience more common than Whistleblowing

37
Q

BOCCHIARO - Hypothesis

A

Students vastly overestimated Whistleblowing

38
Q

BOCCHIARO - understanding of Theme

A

Disobedience instead of obedience, Investigates how likely people are to be Indifferent as well as actively ignore orders: More Realistic

39
Q

BOCCHIARO - understanding of Individual, Social & Cultural Diversity

A

People overwhelmingly underestimated the level of obedience and overestimated the level of whistleblowing

3 - Psychology A Level (ADHD friendly) (37 decks)

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