Individual Differences Area (UNFIN) Flashcards
FREUD & BARON-COHEN
FREUD - Background
Freud’s Psyhcodynamic Development:
* Oedipus Complex
* Phallic Stage is relevant to this study
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
FREUD - Aim
To record a case of the Oedipus Complex
FREUD - Method
- 1 Boy in Vienna
- Selected by his Father, who reported to Freud after his study was complete
- Case Study (high detail, not enough participants)
- Only Qualitative
FREUD - Procedure
Hans’ father reported to Freud on his son’s experiences & what Hans had admitted to him (dreams & fantasies)
FREUD - Results/Conclusions
- Hans had the Oedipus Complex
- Hans successfully completed the Phallic stage through Fantasies
- Horse Phobia represents his Father’s competition for Mother
FREUD - Generalisability
- The researcher’s son chosen
- Ethnocentric: 1 person in Vienna
FREUD - Reliability
- No Inter-rater reliability
- Can’t Replicate
FREUD - Applications
Therapists
FREUD - Validity
Low Internal & External: Hans’ father = Freud fan, Interpretation = Subjective
FREUD - Ethics
+ Parental Consent
- Distress, Privacy
FREUD - Link to Theme
- Significant impact on Study of Disorders (Understanding Disorders)
- High detail account of Unexplored Disorder
FREUD - Link to Area
How a “common” disorder appears in Hans individually (Dreams, Fantasies)
FREUD - Understanding of Individual, Social & Cultural Diversity
FREUD - Remember by
How can you forget this one
BARON-COHEN - Background
- B-C is a respected Autism Researcher
- Wanted more understanding of how Autistic ppl struggle
- Theory of Mind - the more developed, the better an individual can tell what another is thinking
BARON-COHEN - Aim
BARON-COHEN - Method
- Controlled Setting
- Quasi (NT or Autism)
- DV: Score on ‘eyes test’
- Volunteer sampling, Autistic: 13M, 3F, Tourette’s: 8M, 2F, NTs: 25M, 25F
BARON-COHEN - Procedure
- 25 Greyscale eyes, w/ TARGET Term & FOIL
- Gender Recognition Eyes task (control)
- Basic Emotion of Whole Faces (control)
- Strange Stories (to verify)
BARON-COHEN - Results
- Controls = Similar w/ all ppl
- Eyes Task = Au did sig. worse
- Tourette’s = same as NTs
BARON-COHEN - Conclusions
- Autism involves a less developed THoM
- ‘Eyes test’ supported as Valid Autism test
BARON-COHEN - Generalisability
- Ethnocentric: all from Cambridge, however the same conditions have same effects on people from anywhere
- Small Samples
- Androcentric (except control)
BARON-COHEN - Reliability
+High Internal
+ Standardised
- Inconsistent Setting (lab/home)
BARON-COHEN - Applications
- Measure & Quantify disorders
- Understanding Autism
- Therapists
BARON-COHEN - Validity
+ Control Group, Equal Age & Intelligence
- Repeated Measures, Low Ecological
BARON-COHEN - Ethics
+ Volunteer Sampling
- Psychological: told Autistic people = no THoM
BARON-COHEN - Link to Theme
- Investigates the differences between disorders like Autism & Tourette’s, 7 how people are affected socially by them (Understanding Disorders)
BARON-COHEN - Link to Area
- Investigates NT & Atypical differences, & diff.s between diff. ND conditions
BARON-COHEN - Understanding of Individual, Social & Cultural Diversity
BARON-COHEN - Remember by
FREUD & B-C - FREUD Diff.s
- Case Study
- Qualitative
- Low Validity & Reliability
FREUD & B-C - BARON-COHEN Diff.s
- Quasi, Highly Controlled
- More Generalisable
- Quantitative
FREUD & B-C - Similarities
- Understanding Disorders
- Training therapists in Theoretical & Practical ways
