Developmental - External Influences (HALF FINISHED)

Question 1

BANDURA - Background

Question 2

BANDURA - Aim

Answer 2

• Investigate the Extent to which Children Imitate Aggression Modelled by an Adult
• Investigate Effects of Gender on Imitation

Question 3

BANDURA - Method

Answer 3

• Measures aggressiveness of the children
• IVs: Behaviour of Models (Aggressive, Non-Aggressive, Control Group w/out Model), Gender of the Model, Gender of the Child
• Independant Measures, Matched Participants
• 72 Children (even genders)
• 4 Hypothesis:
  
  • 1 - Children w/ Agg. Model more likely to Imitate Agg. (than those Without Agg. Model) - TRUE
  • 2 - Children w/ Non-Agg. Model Less Agg. than those not exposed to a model at all - TRUE
  • 3 - If the Model is the same sex as the participant, they will be more aggressive - TRUE
  • 4 - Boys more likely to imitate - Boys physically, Girls verbally

Question 4

BANDURA - Procedure

Answer 4

Pre-Test - Children left in play room and rated 1-5 in aggression levels by their nursery teacher and an expert. Each group condition had full range of aggression measurements
1 - Experimental Room - 1min of doing nothing, then agression lasts 10 mins, saying: “Pow!” or “Sock it to ‘em!”.
2 - Aggression Arousal - Bright stimulating toys shown to child, but told they were for someone else and took them back out.
3 - Test for Delayed Aggression - 20mins in a room with a doll to see if test 1 is replicated, recorded from behind a one-way mirror.
Behaviours listed as: Imitate, Partially Imitate, No Imitation

Question 5

BANDURA - Results

Answer 5

• Children who had witnessed an aggressive model were significantly more aggressive themselves
• Little diff between control group and non-aggressive groups
• Boys more likely to be more influenced by their own gender Model than girls were
• Boys more physically aggressive, girls more verbally aggressive

Question 6

BANDURA - Conclusions

Answer 6

• Witnessing aggression can be enough to stimulate aggression in children instead of a long process
• Children imitate gender-specific aggression - moreso with a same-sex Role Model - though at a similar level

Question 7

BANDURA - Generalisability

Question 8

BANDURA - Reliability

Question 9

BANDURA - Applications

Answer 9

Not exposing Children to violence (TV etc.) can make them behave less violently, Vice Verce.

Question 10

BANDURA - Validity

Question 11

BANDURA - Ethics

Question 12

BANDURA - Link to Theme

Answer 12

MAJOR: how children acquire new behaviours - Observation behaviour

Question 13

BANDURA - Link to Area

Answer 13

Suggests that Role Models are Key to development

Question 14

BANDURA - Understanding of Individual, Social & Cultural Diversity

Question 15

BANDURA - Remember by

Answer 15

Doll Aggression

Question 16

CHANEY - Background

Question 17

CHANEY - Aims

Answer 17

Whether +ve Reinforcement via Funhaler improved Medical Compliance in Young Asthmatics, compared to Normal Inhaler

Question 18

CHANEY - Method

Answer 18

• Independant Measures, IV: type of device used (Funhaler/standard spacer device)
• 32 children (22m:10f) from 1.5-6yrs old
• Self-report Questionnaire
• Structured Interview, Closed Questions Questionnaire
• Interviewer
• 2nd Questionnaire on difference
• Operant Conditioning (+ve reinforcement)

Question 19

*CHANEY - Procedure

Answer 19

• 2 Week Period
• 2 Questionnaire for Parents (start and end
• Children took medication via Funhaler
• Parents randomly called during experiment to comment on Compliance the previous day
• Start and end Questionnaires compared

Question 20

CHANEY - Results

Question 21

*CHANEY - Conclusions

Answer 21

• Improve Clinical Outcomes in Young Asthmatics
• Improves Health of Children

Question 22

CHANEY - Generalisability

Question 23

CHANEY - Reliability

Question 24

*CHANEY - Applications

Answer 24

Medical - intake of Important Medication by Children

Question 25

CHANEY - Validity

Question 26

CHANEY - Ethics

Question 27

CHANEY - Understanding of Individual, Social & Cultural Diversity

Question 28

*CHANEY - Link to Theme

Answer 28

Shows how effective simple, low cost solutions can be to Important

Question 29

*CHANEY - Link to Area

Answer 29

OPERANT CONDITIONING effective

Question 30

*CHANEY - Remember by

Answer 30

Funhaler

Question 31

Operant Conditioning

Answer 31

+ve or -ve Reinforcement (CHANEY)

Question 32

BANDURA & CHANEY - BANDURA diffs

Question 33

BANDURA & CHANEY - CHANEY diffs

Question 34

BANDURA & CHANEY - Similarities