P3 - E.P. - Territory and Personal Space (Social)

Question 1

BACKGROUND - personal space in the workplace

Answer 1

Invading personal space - diff. layers of personal space via an invisible boundry (with a pinch of salt)
* 1 - intimate space; partners & family invited in
* 2 - personal space; friends & family invited in
* 3 - social space; aquaintences
* 4 - public space; strangers etc.
Western centric measurement
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Invading personal space may lead to a fight or flight reaction, depending on the person, personality & situation
* Introverted personality or someone who is anxious
* In a celebration, ppl are more pften personal space is more often not applied
* Levine - in Sympatia &/or collectivist cultures, ppl may be more comfortable with invading space
* Children often invade personal space
* Urinals unwritten rule

Question 2

BACKGROUND - Sorokowska

Answer 2

Research examined personal space preferences for ~9k participants from 42 countries (not ethnocentric, generalisable)
Those taking part were asked to indicate how close a stranger, friend or intimate relation could get to them during a conversation w/out becoming uncomfortbale
Romania, Saudi Arabia & Hungary reported the need for greatest personal space from a stranger (~140cm)
* Argentina, Bulgaria & Peru required the least personal space from a stranger (~
* cross cultural differences

Question 3

BACKGROUND - Urinal research (reearch shows)

Answer 3

• 4.8s to start peeing alone
• 6.2s to start peeing with an actor one urinal away
• 8.4s to start with an actor uncomfortbaly close

Amygdila stimulated when personal space invaded (Nature)

Question 4

BACKGROUND - Territory

Answer 4

Territory - visible boundries that influence personal space
* primary territory; stays in the same place & is clearly yours (link to Wilson & Kelling)
* secondary territory; temperary territories; percieved ownership in public/shared space - possesions left there mark territory (school cafeteria, sunbed hoggers etc.)
* public territory; belongs to anybody - street, parks
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Personalisation
* ways to mark territory as primary territory
* Territory makes you feel comfortable & safe

Question 5

WELLS - APFC

Answer 5

(Office clutter or meaningful personal displays: the role of office personalisation in employee & organisational well-being)