Individual Differences - Measuring Differences (UNFIN)

Question 1

GOULD - Background

Answer 1

• US many Army Camps
• Yerkes thinks Intelligence is Inert
• VERY FLAWED
• Socially Sensitive (racist)
• Opposes Yerkes’ views (NURTURE)
• Education

Question 2

GOULD - Aim

Question 3

GOULD - Yerkes’ Method

Answer 3

• IV: participants’ race
• DV: scores on tests
• Sample: Men who joined the army, either: Black, White /W.EU, E.EU
• GOULD is a REVIEW ARTICLE of this

Question 4

GOULD - Yerkes’ Procedure

Answer 4

Alpha Test - Literacy
Beta Test - Visuals
Spoken Test

Question 5

GOULD - Yerkes’ Conclusions

Answer 5

• White/W.EU found w/ higher IQs
• Black/E.EU found w/ lower IQs

Question 6

GOULD - Gould’s Conclusions

Question 7

GOULD - Yerkes’ Generalisability

Answer 7

• Ethnocentric: Cultural bias
  *

Question 8

GOULD - Yerkes’ Reliability

Answer 8

• Time etc. not Standardised through camps and mark schemes

Question 9

GOULD - Yerkes’ Applications

Answer 9

BAD
* Used as exuse for Eugenics
* Many cases of ppl being made infertile w/out consent

Question 10

GOULD - Yerkes’ Validity

Answer 10

VERY BAD
* Content Problems; Based off US Culture
* Design Problems; Language Bias
* Admin Problems; Not Standardised
* Social Sensitivity; ‘Country of Morons’
* ‘Ludicrous’: cultural bias, biased to those with better education

Question 11

GOULD - Yerkes’ Ethics

Answer 11

• ‘Country of Morons’
• Eugenics: Stopped migration of non-white ppl into US; caused LOTS of racism & Fascism

Question 12

GOULD - Link to Theme

Answer 12

• Attempt to Quantify Intelligence; (Measuring Differences)

Question 13

GOULD - Yerkes’ Link to Area

Answer 13

• Differences between individual IQ

Question 14

GOULD - Understanding of Individual, Social & Cultural Diversity

Question 15

GOULD - Remember by

Question 16

HANCOCK - Background

Answer 16

• Speech = Insight into Underlying Cognitive Processes
• Debated on whether Psychopaths are v. well spoken or poorly spoken

Question 17

HANCOCK - Aim

Question 18

HANCOCK - Method

Answer 18

• Quasi
• 52 Male Murderers: 14psychopaths & 38non-psychopaths
• Canada
• Self Report; Analysis of Interview Transcripts
• Qualitative

Question 19

HANCOCK - Procedure

Answer 19

• Briefed
• Asked to Describe their Offence in as much Detail as Possible
• 25 mins each
• Prompted w/ Standardised Procedure

Question 20

HANCOCK - Results

Answer 20

Psychopaths see their crimes as: a logical outcome, a result of their needs, less positiveve, more distant (past tense & passive)

Question 21

HANCOCK - Conclusions

Question 22

HANCOCK - Generalisability

Answer 22

Ethocentrism: all were Canadian; IS - Same Psychological Disorder; IS NOT

Question 23

HANCOCK - Reliability

Answer 23

Yes: Interview, random checks (inter-rater reliability)

Question 24

HANCOCK - Applications

Answer 24

Easier Psychopath diagnoses

Question 25

HANCOCK - Validity

Answer 25

+Ecological, No Researcher Bias
-Socially Desirable Responses

Question 26

HANCOCK - Ethics

Answer 26

+No Deception
+Consent given

Question 27

HANCOCK - Link to Theme

Answer 27

• Measured Differences in Lang
• Measuring Differences in individual crime narratives (Measuring Differences)

Question 28

HANCOCK - Link to Area

Question 29

HANCOCK - Understanding of Individual, Social & Cultural Diversity

Question 30

HANCOCK - Remember by

Question 31

GOULD & HANCOCK - GOULD diffs

Answer 31

Measured Intelligence, Opportunity Sampling

Question 32

GOULD & HANCOCK - HANCOCK diffs

Answer 32

Quantitative, Individual Differences, difficulties with Valid Measures of Diff.s

Question 33

GOULD & HANCOCK - Similarities

Answer 33

Quantitative, Individual Differences, difficulties with Valid Measures of Diff.s