Individual Differences - Measuring Differences (UNFIN) Flashcards
GOULD & HANCOCK
GOULD - Background
- US many Army Camps
- Yerkes thinks Intelligence is Inert
- VERY FLAWED
- Socially Sensitive (racist)
- Opposes Yerkes’ views (NURTURE)
- Education
GOULD - Aim
GOULD - Yerkes’ Method
- IV: participants’ race
- DV: scores on tests
- Sample: Men who joined the army, either: Black, White /W.EU, E.EU
- GOULD is a REVIEW ARTICLE of this
GOULD - Yerkes’ Procedure
Alpha Test - Literacy
Beta Test - Visuals
Spoken Test
GOULD - Yerkes’ Conclusions
- White/W.EU found w/ higher IQs
- Black/E.EU found w/ lower IQs
GOULD - Gould’s Conclusions
GOULD - Yerkes’ Generalisability
- Ethnocentric: Cultural bias
*
GOULD - Yerkes’ Reliability
- Time etc. not Standardised through camps and mark schemes
GOULD - Yerkes’ Applications
BAD
* Used as exuse for Eugenics
* Many cases of ppl being made infertile w/out consent
GOULD - Yerkes’ Validity
VERY BAD
* Content Problems; Based off US Culture
* Design Problems; Language Bias
* Admin Problems; Not Standardised
* Social Sensitivity; ‘Country of Morons’
* ‘Ludicrous’: cultural bias, biased to those with better education
GOULD - Yerkes’ Ethics
- ‘Country of Morons’
- Eugenics: Stopped migration of non-white ppl into US; caused LOTS of racism & Fascism
GOULD - Link to Theme
- Attempt to Quantify Intelligence; (Measuring Differences)
GOULD - Yerkes’ Link to Area
- Differences between individual IQ
GOULD - Understanding of Individual, Social & Cultural Diversity
GOULD - Remember by
HANCOCK - Background
- Speech = Insight into Underlying Cognitive Processes
- Debated on whether Psychopaths are v. well spoken or poorly spoken
HANCOCK - Aim
HANCOCK - Method
- Quasi
- 52 Male Murderers: 14psychopaths & 38non-psychopaths
- Canada
- Self Report; Analysis of Interview Transcripts
- Qualitative
HANCOCK - Procedure
- Briefed
- Asked to Describe their Offence in as much Detail as Possible
- 25 mins each
- Prompted w/ Standardised Procedure
HANCOCK - Results
Psychopaths see their crimes as: a logical outcome, a result of their needs, less positiveve, more distant (past tense & passive)
HANCOCK - Conclusions
HANCOCK - Generalisability
Ethocentrism: all were Canadian; IS - Same Psychological Disorder; IS NOT
HANCOCK - Reliability
Yes: Interview, random checks (inter-rater reliability)
HANCOCK - Applications
Easier Psychopath diagnoses
HANCOCK - Validity
+Ecological, No Researcher Bias
-Socially Desirable Responses
HANCOCK - Ethics
+No Deception
+Consent given
HANCOCK - Link to Theme
- Measured Differences in Lang
- Measuring Differences in individual crime narratives (Measuring Differences)
HANCOCK - Link to Area
HANCOCK - Understanding of Individual, Social & Cultural Diversity
HANCOCK - Remember by
GOULD & HANCOCK - GOULD diffs
Measured Intelligence, Opportunity Sampling
GOULD & HANCOCK - HANCOCK diffs
Quantitative, Individual Differences, difficulties with Valid Measures of Diff.s
GOULD & HANCOCK - Similarities
Quantitative, Individual Differences, difficulties with Valid Measures of Diff.s
