P3 - E.P - Biological Rhythms - Czeisler Flashcards

Question

CZEISLER - Reliability

Answer 1

* Test-retest Questionnaire x2 3 months and then 6 months * Less Reliability due to Presentation * Androcentrism also decreases

Answer 2

* Presentation in Part 2 - external factors could influence * Ecologically valid - field experiments * Used Actual Jobs and Job Rotations * Internal lowered not controlled environment * Population validity = only shift pattern workers not universal * Workers in comparanle jobs

Answer 3

* Recommended only for Night Shifts * 20 - 45 Min Restorative Nap * Essential for *maintaining Vigilance and Alertness* during the Night

Answer 4

**MELATONIN -** Hormone, which is part of a Circadian Rhythm - released with darkness Zeitgebers - promotes Sleepiness **MELATONIN PILLS -** can be bought without a prescription to *help sleep during the day*, and help align the circadian rhythm to work at Night **HYPNOTICS (general term) -** Sleep Inducing Drugs, used to lengthen daytime sleep after Night Shifts

Answer 5

* A qualitative study in Canada showed of *critical care nurses* showed that **10/13** who regularly napped during their breaks *self-reported* many benefits such as* improved mood, decision making and vigilance*. * Innapropriate **Environments** and/or **Facilities**, as well as the **Perceptions of Colleagues and Managers** * People may react differently to napping (come may still feel very tired/unmotivated)

Answer 6

* Daytime Sleepiness * Headaches * Difficult to Access in UK w/out Perscription Long Term use of Stimulants are **Highly Addictive** and can cause **Side Effects** including: * Irregular feelings of Hostility * Paranoia * Increased Body Temperature * Irregular Heartbeat

Answer 7

APFC - Investigated the effect of rotating shift patterns on miners' health. Stage 1 was a questionnare on wor productivity, job satisfaction health & wellbeing given out to both rotating & non-rotating shift miners. * *Found higher number of health problems reported in the rotating shift workers, higher insomnia, obesity, lower job satisfaction. Rot reported it took up average of 3-4 to become syncronised (working w/ their circadian rythms), changing shifts every 7 days*. ___ Stage 2 involved 85 miners: field experement, group that stayed in **7 day** phase advance shift (**33** miners) & a group went on a **21 day** phase delay shift pattern (**52** miners), then after **6 months**, questionnaires retaken. * *Job satisfaction increased & complaints about job down by 90%, phase delay & longer periods to adjust are preffered & the company reported miners became more productive after the study*.

Answer 8

We could implement Czeisler's results in giving workers as long as possible on shift pattern. Czeisler's participants reported that they struggled in the first days of 7 day phase delay make all work patterns go in phase delay direction (clockwise); 1 month they may start at 2pm, then next month 6pm, then 10pm, then 12pm etc. to **entrain** your circdian rythms; easier for your Endogenous Zeitgabers to keep up. Ambulances, pilots, police, overnight construction workers, truck drivers could benifit fom these techniques.

Answer 9

**Research that might create: Stereotype, Stigma, Discrimination, Prejudice** * Buisness owners who make ppl work unhealth jobs * Stigmas/Stereotypes for shift workers; stuck in an unhealthy job, so presumed unhealthy if they once worked a shift job * Michael Siffre - employers can use the information to manipulate the workers into working worse shift hours; shows people can adapt to * If shift workers are aware of the health problems, the research may teach you to make healthier choices & thus avoid many negative effects of shift work * Ultimately justified, as there are now laws against unhealthy shift/work patterns to protect workers from the consequences; can stop the issue