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Science > P3 > Flashcards

P3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a conductor

A

material that allows flow of electric current through it

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2
Q

What is a insulator

A

material that does not allow flow of electric current through it (e.g. wood, plastics, glass)

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3
Q

What is an electric field

A

A region in which an electric charge experiences a force

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4
Q

What is a current

A

the flow of charge per second

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5
Q

What is voltage

A
  • energy transferred per coulomb of charge that passes
  • measured between two points in a circuit.
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6
Q

What is electrical motive force

A
  • electrical work done by source
  • in moving unit of charge around complete circuit
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7
Q

What is a Parallel circuit

A

circuit in which the voltage across each component is the same (current likely to differ)

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8
Q

What is a series circuit

A

circuit in which the current through each component is the same (voltage likely to differ)

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9
Q

What is a charge

A

A property of matter which is positive or negative

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10
Q

What is resistance

A
  • measure of the difficulty of passing an electrical current through material
  • Calculate from Resistance = voltage (or p.d.)/current
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11
Q

What is Ohm’s law

A
  • voltage across a component directly proportional to current through it
  • provided the temperature remains constant
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12
Q

What is Conventional Current

A

The current that (theoretically) flows from the positive side of the battery to the negative.

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13
Q

What is Real Current Flow

A

Referring to the actual flow of electrons from the negative side of the battery to the positive.

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14
Q

What is Electrical energy

A

Transfer of energy allows work to be done within a circuit. Measured in Joules.

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15
Q

What types of charges exist

A

postive and negative

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16
Q

What happens when opposite charges are introduced

A

they’re attracted

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17
Q

What happens when similar charges are introduced

A

they repel each other

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18
Q

Why are conductors able to conduct

A

allows negatively charged electrons to flow through it

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19
Q

Why do insulator prevent conduct

A

does not allow electrons to flow. Electrons are still present in an insulator but are normally stationary or “static”

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20
Q

What is static electricity

A

accumulation of charge

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21
Q

How does static electricity occur

A

When 2 insulators rub against each other

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22
Q

What can friction cause

A

electrons to be removed from the surface of an insulator leaving it positive

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23
Q

What can be also a possibilty due to friction

A

Electrons to be added surface of an insulator making it negative, because there are now more electrons than protons.

24
Q

What does charging an object mean

A

adding or removing electrons

25
Q

EXamples of conductors

A

silver, gold, steel, aluminium, and others

26
Q

EXamples of insulators

A

Plastic, wood, e.t.c

27
Q

State a simple experiment on electrostatic charges by friction

A

Rub a balloon on your hair for about 30 seconds
Hold the balloon near small pieces of paper or a hair strand
Observe how the paper or hair is attracted to the balloon
Interpretation:
Friction between the balloon and hair transfers electrons from the hair to the balloon, making the balloon negatively charged
The negatively charged balloon attracts the positively charged paper or hair, demonstrating electrostatic attraction

28
Q

What do electric circuits do

A

transfer energy from one place to another using moving charges

29
Q

What are 4 components of a circuit

A

a source, a load, conductors/wires, and a switch

30
Q

What function does a source do

A

puts electrical energy into a circuit there are 2 common types a cell and a battery

31
Q

what is a load p3

A

components or devices that use the electrical energy and convert it into another form. For example a bulb, resistor, heater, e.t.c

32
Q

What are the functions of a conductor

A

connect the components. We assume that they have no resistance and electricity flows easily through them

33
Q

what function does a switch have

A

controls the flow of electricity

34
Q

What loop is required for electricity to flow

A

a close loop where the wires connect to the negative and positive end of the source

35
Q

What qualifies as a series circuit

A

When there’s only one path for the charges to follow

36
Q

What qualifies as a parralel circuit

A

there are multiple paths for the current to flow. You will see junctions in the circuit. Junctions being where charges join together

37
Q

How are circuits analyzed

A

In conventional current flow where we assume that charges come from the positive end of the source

38
Q

What units are charges in

A

C, coloumbs it’s what electrons carry

39
Q

What units is a current in

A

A, amps the rate flow of charges

40
Q

how to find current of a circuit

A

charge/time

41
Q

What is shortened formula for current

A

I=Q/t

42
Q

What increases a current

A
  • more coloumbs of charge travelling
  • less time taken for charge to travel through circuit
43
Q

What does an ammeter measure

A

the current of a circuit

44
Q

How to attach an ammeter to a circuit

A

connect it in series of the circuit before the load

45
Q

Is the current equal at all times in a parralel circuit

A

no the current at the source is larger than the current at each branch off to the load

46
Q

WhaWhat is unique property for parralel circuit currents

A

the current at the source is the sum of the currents of the branch

47
Q

What is potential difference

A

work done by unit of charge passing between two points in circuit

48
Q

Difference between potential differnce/voltage and emf (electromotive force)

A

Emf: amount of energy supplied to coulomb of charge by power source in driving the charge around a complete circuit.

Potential difference across a component is the amount of energy supplied to a component by a coulomb of charge

49
Q

What do voltmeters measure and how to attach to circuit

A

The potential difference of charge before and after component. It should be attached in parralel this allows it to compare the charges

50
Q

What is resistance exactly

A

measure of difficulty of passing electical current thru material

51
Q

What is ohms law

A
  • voltage across component directly proportional to current thru it
  • provided temp remains constant
52
Q

What affects resistance

A

A high voltage increases resistance, a low current increases resistance

53
Q

Difference in current-voltage graph of a filament lamp and resistor

A

The resistor shows that
Current directly proportional to voltage
Straight line graph, goes through origin, fixed value for gradient - gradient equals resistance

The filament lamp
Current NOT directly proportional to voltage
Curved graph, goes through origin, gradient increases as current increaseg

This is because the filament lamp becomes hotter which increases resistance of charges

54
Q

What relationship does length of wire have with the resistance of the wire

A

the longer it is the more resistant it is directly porportional

55
Q

What relationship does cross sectional have with the resistance of the wire

A

the smaller the cross sectional area the larger the resistance. they have a inversely porportional relationship

56
Q

What happens when you put two resistors in series

A

their resistance increases leading to a lower current

57
Q

What happens when you put two resistors in parralel

A

their resistance decreases leading to a higher current

Science (22 decks)

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