Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science > B5 > Flashcards

B5 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is double circulation

A

blood passes through the heart twice (4 chambers) and has pulmonary and systemic circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

what is single circulation?

A

single path to circulate to whole body:
blood travels from 2 chambered heart –> gill capillaries –> rest of body –> heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the advantages of a double circulation

A

atria receive low pressure blood, ventricles pump at high pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the blood vessels

A

veins, capillaries, arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the valve between the right atrium and ventricle called

A

tricuspid valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the valve at the pulmonary artery called

A

pulmonary valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the valve at the aorta called

A

aortic valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the valve between the left atrium and ventricle called

A

bicuspid/mitral valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how is heart activity monitored

A

ECG (electrocardiogram), pulse rate, listen to sound of valves closing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is coronary heart disease

A

narrowing of arteries supplying blood to heart, caused by fatty deposits on inside walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are risk factors for coronary heart disease

A

diet, lack of exercise, stress, age, sex, genetic predisposition, smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the phases of the heart contracting

A

atrial systole, ventricular diastole –> atrial diastole, ventricular systole –> cardiac diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

explain atrial systole and ventricular diastole

A

atria contract, pushing blood into ventricles, which are relaxed to receive blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

explain cardiac diastole

A

all chambers relax to allow blood to flow into heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

explain atrial diastole and ventricular systole

A

after atria relax, ventricles contract to push blood out of heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the adaptations of arteries

A

have narrow lumen and thick muscular wall to transport blood away from the heart under high pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the adaptations of veins

A

have wide lumen and thin walls to transport blood to heart under low pressure. valves to prevent back flow

15
Q

what are the adaptations of capillaries

A

tiny lumen and thin walls to allow gaseous exchange

16
Q

what are the components of blood

A

red blood cells, white blood cells (lymphocytes and phagocytes), platelets, plasma

17
Q

what is the function of red blood cells

A

transports oxygen, haemoglobin binds with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin

18
Q

what is the function of platelets

A

clotting blood to prevent entry of pathogens and prevent blood loss

19
Q

what are platelets made of

A

cell fragments

20
Q

what is the function of plasma

A

transport blood cells, ions, nutrients, hormones, urea, co2

21
Q

what are the types of white blood cells

A

lymphocytes and phagocytes

22
Q

what is the function of white blood cells

A

fight infection by phagocytosis and antibody production

23
Q

what is a pathogen

A

microorganisms that can cause disease

24
Q

how are pathogens transmitted

A

direct: bodily fluids
indirect: food, animals, water, air

25
Q

what is a transmissible disease

A

disease in which pathogen can be passed from one host to another

26
Q

what are the body’s defences against pathogens

A

mechanical: skin (sweat is acidic), hair, cilia
chemical: stomach acid, mucus

27
Q

describe the actions of phagocytes

A
  • phagocyte uses receptors in cell membrane to identify pathogen as foreign
  • membrane of phagocyte change shape to surround pathogen, take into wbc
  • pathogen in phagocyte surrounded by membrane called phagosome
  • phagocyte adds digestive enzymes (from lysosomes) to phagosome, destroy pathogen by breaking up into small pieces
  • broken pieces of pathogen used by cell or released
28
Q

how to control spread of disease

A

treat water supply and sewage, hygienic food prep, waste disposal, kill vectors, personal hyegiene

29
Q

what are the features of viruses

A

protein coat, genetic material

30
Q

what are memory cells

A

type of lymphocyte, remain in blood after pathogens in infection have been destroyed. recognise pathogens that infect after first infection

31
Q

what is active immunity

A

defence against pathogen by antibody production in body

32
Q

what is passive immunity

A

receive antibodies from external source

33
Q

how is active immunity gained

A

infection by pathogen or vaccination

34
Q

what is the process of vaccination

A
  • weakened pathogens/their antigens put into body
  • antigens stimulate immune response by lymphocytes, produce antibodies
  • memory cells produced, give long-term immunity
35
Q

how do vaccines prevent spread of disease

A

prevent pathogens that cause disease and spread between people

36
Q

what are antibodies

A

proteins produced by lymphocytes

37
Q

features of antibodies

A

antibodies specific to just one antigen (pathogen), complementary shape

38
Q

how do antibodies work

A

bind to antigen,
- so phagocyte recognise
- reduce mobility
- stick many pathogens tg
- cause pathogen cell wall to burst, killing them
- block from reaching cells of body

Science (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions