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B1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 7 characteristics of living organisms

A

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

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2
Q

What does M mean in MRS GREN

A

as an action by an organism causing a change of position or place

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3
Q

What does the 2 Rs mean in MRS GREN

A

Respiration and Reproduction

Respiration
the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy

Reproduction
the processes that make more of the same kind of organism

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4
Q

What does the S mean in Mrs GRen

A

Sensitivity
the ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment

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4
Q

What does the G mean in MRS GREN

A

Growth
Permenant Change in size

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5
Q

What does the E mean in MRS GREN

A

Excretement
The removal from organisms of toxic materials and substances in excess of requirements

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6
Q

What does the N mean in MRS GREN

A

Nutrition
taking in of materials for energy, growth and development

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7
Q

What is a cell

A

Smallest unit of life

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

What are all living organisms made from?

A

Cells

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10
Q

Structure of animal cells

A

There’s a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane

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11
Q

Structure of plant cells

A

Permanent vacuole, chloroplasts, and cell wall

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12
Q

Function of nucleus

A

contains genetic material, which controls the activities of the cell

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13
Q

Function of cell membrane

A

controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell

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14
Q

function of cytoplasm

A

most chemical processes take place here

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15
Q

Functions of a cell wall

A

supports the cell and prevents it from bursting when the cell is full of water (turgid)

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16
Q

Functions of chloroplats

A

Contains chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

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17
Q

functions of a vacuole

A

filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid

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18
Q

Differences in structures between typical animal and plant cells

A

plant cells always have a cell wall made of cellulose, plant cells have chloroplasts, and plant cells have a permenant vacuole filled with cell sap

19
Q

What structures of cells can be seen under a light microscope

A

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, chloroplasts, and cell wal

20
Q

What structures of the cell can’t be seen under a light microscope

A

Ribosomes and mitochondria

21
Q

What is the function of ribosomes

A

produce proteins

22
Q

What is the function of mitochondira

A

o generate the energy, powerhouse of the cell

23
Q

EXamples of speciallised cells

A

cilliated, sperm, root hair, palisade mesophyl, and red blood cells

24
Q

What is the function of a cilliated cell, where is it in the body, and what are its adaptaions

A

lines the trachea, contained cilia hair-like structure which waft mucus and trapped dust particles out of the respiratory system. Also it has lots of mitochondria to support this action

25
Q

What is the function of a sperm cell, where is it in the body, and what are its adaptaions

A

are tiny cells produced by males, they’re meant to feartilise, and an adaptation is that it has a tail which allows it swim, and many mitochondria to provide energy for the journey

26
Q

What is the function of a root hair cell, where is it in the body, and what are the adaptations

A

Its purpose is to absorb water and nutrients it’s adaptation is their long projections that maximising water absorption from the soil because of the large surface area.

27
Q

What is the function and adaptation of red blood cells

A

transport oxygen, it has concave shape which maximises surface area also it has no nucleus to maximise space

28
Q

How to find magnification of objects

A

Magnefication=Drawing size (mm) divided by actual size (mm)

29
Q

What causes a concentration gradient

A

A difference in concentration of a specific particle.

30
Q

How does diffusion occur

A

The random motion of particles which move it down the concentration gradien

31
Q

Defintion of diffusion

A

the net movement of particles from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration down a concentration gradient, as a result of their random movement.

32
Q

What factors affect diffusion

A

surface area, temperature, concentration gradients and diffusion distance.

33
Q

How does surface areea affect diffusion

A

the more surface area there’s the faster diffusion as more particles are exposed to surroundings

34
Q

How does temperature affect diffusion

A

Higher temperature leads to faster diffusion this is because it increases kinetic energy leading to particles to move faster to areas of low concerntration

35
Q

How does concentration gradient affect diffusion

A

Greater concentration gradient leads to faster diffusion, as this means there’s a greater difference in concentrations leading to a stronger driving force for diffusion

36
Q

How does diffusion distance affect diffusion

A

Shorter diffusion distance leads to faster diffusion as there’s a Lesser distance for particles to travel.

37
Q

What is needed in order for substances to pass across surfaces

I

A

Distances that particles need to travel must be small a thin cell membrance

Surfaces must be moist for gases to dissolve

Transport system should maintain a concentration gradient

Large surface area

38
Q

How do cells move in and out of cell membranes

A

diffusion

39
Q

What is osmosis

A

the net movement of water molecules from a region of their higher water potential (dilute solution) to a region of their lower water potential (concentrated solution), through a partially permeable membrane.

40
Q

EXamples of high water potential

A

soil outside with water

41
Q

examples of low water potential

A

amount of water in plant which contains other solutes

42
Q

What happens when a plant cell is covered in a solution of high concentration

A

water leaves cell thus Plant cells shrink and become plasmolyzed
Cell wall remains intact

43
Q

What happens when a plant cell is covered in a solution of low concentration

A

Plant cells swell and become turgid
Turgor pressure increases
Cell wall expands, but not broken

44
Q

What is the important of water potential and osmosis foruptake of water for plants

A

Helps maintain:
Turgor pressure
Cell shape
Plant growth and development

45
Q

cells What ha

A
46
Q

What happens when animal cells are immered in pure water

A

As they have no cell wall they burst

Science (21 decks)

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