B8

Question 1

define asexual reproduction

Answer 1

process resulting in production of genetically identical offspring from one parent

Question 2

type of reproduction in bacteria, yeast, sea anemone

Answer 2

asexual
- cell division (binary fission)
- budding
- split in half, grow to form individual

Question 3

define sexual reproduction

Answer 3

• process involving fusion of nucleus of two gametes to from a zygote
• production of offspring that are genetically different from each other

Question 4

define species

Answer 4

group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Question 5

is nucleus of gamete complete?

Answer 5

no, it is haploid

Question 6

is nucleus of zygote complete

Answer 6

yes, it is diploid

Question 7

what is haploid

Answer 7

haploid cell only has one set of chromosomes

Question 8

what is diploid

Answer 8

diploid cell carries two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent

Question 9

advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 9

• less energy used
• easier production of new plants
• species able to populate area quickly
• desired characteristics retained
• reproduction is faster
• only one parent needed

Question 10

disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 10

• more susceptible to disease
• more vulnerable to environmental change
• any non-beneficial trait will be passed on
• only suitable to one type of environment

Question 11

advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 11

• genetic variation, allow adapt to changes in environment
• disease less likely to affect population

Question 12

disadvantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 12

• lots of energy to ensure successful reproduction
• takes long time

Question 13

function of sepals

Answer 13

• protect growing flower
• help stop from drying out

Question 14

function of petals

Answer 14

• attract pollinators to carry out pollination

Question 15

function of stamens

Answer 15

• produce male gametes (pollen)
• provide correct structures & conditions necessary for transfer of pollen

Question 16

function of filaments

Answer 16

• hold anther in position
• where it is able to transfer pollen to pollinator

Question 17

function of anthers

Answer 17

• produce pollen grains
• contain plant’s male gametes

Question 18

function of carpels

Answer 18

• produce female gametes
• provide correct structures & conditions necessary for fertilisation

Question 19

function of style

Answer 19

• support & present stigma
• in position where it can receive pollen from other flowers

Question 20

function of stigma

Answer 20

• trap pollen from other flowers

Question 21

function of ovary

Answer 21

• contain ovules (contain female gametes)
• develop into seeds after fertilisation

Question 22

function of ovules

Answer 22

• female gametes produced & contained

Question 23

what is pollination

Answer 23

transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma

Question 24

what is fertilisation

Answer 24

occurs when pollen nucleus fuses with a nucleus in an ovule

Question 25

structural adaptations of insect pollinated plant

Answer 25

• large flower
• colourful, conspicuous petals
• large, sticky pollen
• shorter style ensure stigma enclosed within flower
• shorter filaments ensure anther is enclosed within flower

Question 26

structural adaptations of wind pollinated plant

Answer 26

• smaller flower
• inconspicuous petals, absent in some species
• smooth, light pollen
• large quantity of pollen
• stigma exposed to air, feathery
• long filaments expose anther beyond flower parts into air currents