C3

Question 1

What do you call an ion with a positive charge

Answer 1

a cation

Question 2

What do you call an ion with a negative charge

Answer 2

an anion

Question 3

What is ionic bonding

Answer 3

The transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal involving forces of attraction between two oppositely charged ions

Question 4

What is covalent bonding

Answer 4

Chemical bond where two non gases share pairs of electrons

Question 5

What does a lattice structure mean

Answer 5

A regular repeated three-dimensional arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules.

Question 6

What is meant with a giant covalent structure

Answer 6

many atoms, each joined to adjacent atoms by covalent bonds.

Question 7

What is allotrphe indicating

Answer 7

A different physical form of a element

Question 8

What is an alloy

Answer 8

a mixture of metals, NOT a compound as the ratio of metals in the structure does vary. Alloys enhance the physical and sometimes chemical properties of pure metals.

Question 9

What is a structure of an ionic compound

Answer 9

a lattice structure of one cation to an anion.

Question 10

What makes solid sodium chloride different from other ionic compounds

Answer 10

Instead of staying in pairs after sodium and chloride turn into ions they cluster together so each ion is surrounded by 6 ions of a opposite charge

Question 11

Properties of ionic compounds

Answer 11

Always solid at room temperature, high boiling and melting point, and the reason for that is their structure is a giant arrangements of ions held together by strong electrostatic attractions.

Question 12

What can a high or low melting point tell you

Answer 12

If there’s a high melting point it means there’s lots of bonds and they’re also very strong.

Question 13

What can a compound being soluble in water or oil tell you

Answer 13

Compounds that dissolve in water usually carry a charge, if they’re soluble in oil it means no charge

Question 14

What can the electrical conductivity of the ionic compound when solid and in solution tell us about the mobility of the charged particles in these states?

Answer 14

If it’s a great conductor in solution it means the charged particle is quite mobile

Question 15

Why are properties of products differ from the reactants

Answer 15

This is because the formation of the ionic bonds give them unique properties

Question 16

Difference between ion and atom

Answer 16

ions are charged, atoms have no charge

Question 17

What is a positive ion called

Answer 17

A cation

Question 18

What is a negative ion called

Answer 18

an anion

Question 19

What is covalent bonding

Answer 19

A chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between 2 non-metals

Question 20

How is a covalent bond created

Answer 20

when a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms leading to noble gas electronic configurations

Question 21

What are the diatonic molecules

Answer 21

Brinklehol

Br, I, N, Cl, H, O, F

Question 22

What attractions are present in a covalent structure?

Answer 22

There’re strong force of attraction holding the atoms together, but weak intermolecular forces holding the structure.

Question 23

Physical property differences in ionic and covalent compounds

Answer 23

Ionic compounds are usually soluble in water whereas covalent isn’t

Ionic compounds have higher boiling and melting points

Question 24

Chemical differences of Ionic and covalent compounds

Answer 24

Bonding caused by electrostatic attraction for ionic, bonding caused by sharing of pairs of electrons for covalent

Usually conductive other than some outliers for ionic, usually unconductive other than graphite and diamond for covalent compounds

Question 25

What are macromolecules

Answer 25

Substances with giant covalent structures such as diamonds and graphite

Question 26

What are diamond and graphite

Answer 26

Allotropes of carbon that have high melting points and strong despite being non-metals.

Question 27

Why is graphite like that

Answer 27

it has layers of carbon delocalised electrons moving freely and held by weak intermolecular foces.

Question 28

Physical properties of metals

Answer 28

Malleable, ductile, lusturous, good conducts, dense, high tensile strength, high melting and boiling point

Question 29

how does metallic bonding occur

Answer 29

• metal atoms are packed tightly
• cations of metal in sea of delocalised electrons
• causes strong electrostatic forces metallic holding the metal together

Question 30

Why are some metals soft and others hard

Answer 30

It means it isn’t pure, The bonds in a metal are flexible because the bonding electrons are free to move. We say that the metallic bonds are non-directional. A metal with lots of perfect rows of ions will bend easily. If we “mess up” the rows (i.e. by adding larger ions or smaller atoms; making an alloy) they will not be able to slip easily and the metal will not bend easily.

Question 31

What are alloys

Answer 31

mixtures of 2 elements one being a metal

Question 32

Properties of alloys

Answer 32

Harder and stronger than metals thus more effective

Question 33

Why are alloys stronger or harder

Answer 33

The difference sized ions make it harder for layers to slide over each other

Question 34

What is an alloy made from alluminum and copper

Answer 34

Duralium and it’s lighter and stronger usually used in airplanes