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Science > B7 > Flashcards

B7 Flashcards

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1
Q

how do electrical impulses travel around the body

A

along neurones

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2
Q

what is the mammalian nervous system comprised of

A

CNS, PNS

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3
Q

what does CNS contain

A

brain, spinal cord

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4
Q

what does PNS contain

A

nerves outside brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

what is the role of the nervous system

A

coordination and regulation of body functions

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6
Q

what are the types of neurones

A

motor, sensory, relay

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7
Q

what type of neurone is this

A

motor

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8
Q

what type of neurone

A

sensory

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9
Q

what type of neurone

A

relay

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10
Q

function of motor neurone

A

carry nerve impulses from CNS to effectors

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11
Q

function of sensory neurone

A

carry nerve impulses away from receptor cells to CNS

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12
Q

function of relay neruones

A

connect one neurone to next in CNS

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13
Q

what is a reflex action

A

means of automatically and rapidly integrating and coordinating stimuli with response of effectors

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14
Q

what is process of simple reflex arc

A

receptor, sensory neurone, relay neurone, motor neurone, effector

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15
Q

what are sense organs

A

groups of receptor cells responding to specific stimuli

(light, sound, touch, temperature, chemicals)

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16
Q

what is a hormone

A

chemical substance produced by a gland and carried by the blood

alters activity of one or more specific target organs

17
Q

what are the endocrine glands

A
  • adrenal glands
  • testes
  • ovaries
  • pancreas
18
Q

what do the adrenal glands secrete

A

adrenaline

19
Q

what does the pancreas secrete

A

insulin and glucagon

20
Q

what do the testes secrete

A

testosterone

21
Q

what do the ovaries secrete

A

oestrogen

22
Q

what is adrenaline

A

hormone secreted in “fight or flight” situations

23
Q

effects of adrenaline

A
  • increased breathing rate
  • increased heart rate
  • increased pupil diameter
24
Q

what is homeostasis

A

maintenance of constant internal environment

25
Q

how does homeostatic control work

A
  • negative feedback
  • keep internal environment with reference to set point
  • if values move beyond set point, various processes work to return them back to normal
26
Q

what happens when blood glucose concentration is too high

A
  • insulin released
  • stimulates cells in liver and tissues to take in glucose from blood
  • use for respiration or convert to glycogen for storage
27
Q

what happens when blood glucose concentration is too low

A
  • glucagon released
  • stimulates liver cells to convert stored glycogen into glucose
28
Q

what are components of skin

A

hairs, hair erector muscles, sweat glands, receptors, sensory neurones, blood vessels, fatty tissue

29
Q

how does body react when it is too cold

A
  • vasoconstriction: less blood flow to surface of skin to retain more heat
  • shivering: mvmt t release heat by constant, uncontrollable muscle contractions
  • hair stands on end: traps air, good insulator
30
Q

how does body react when it is too hot

A
  • vasodilation: more blood flows to surface of skin to lose more heat to radiation
  • sweat produced: as evaporate, cools body
31
Q

what is a drug

A

any substance taken into the body that modifies or affects chemical reactions in body

32
Q

how are antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections

A
  • break bacterial cell membranes
  • prevent formation of new cell walls
33
Q

how do antibiotics affect viruses

A

no effect

34
Q

how can using antibiotics only when necessary limit development of resistant bacteria

A

prevent natural selection that comes from survival and reproduction of resistant bacteria

35
Q

example of resistant bacteria

A

MRSA

Science (21 decks)

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