P2 Families and Households - Diversity and Migration

Question 1

Why might UK citizens want to emigrate to another country?

Answer 1

Push factors = recession, unemployment
Pull factors = higher wages, better opportunities

Question 2

Why might other people want to move to the UK?

Answer 2

Push factors = war, unemployment, political religious persecution
Pull factors = health care, employment, life chances, freedom, joining relatives

Question 3

What is the impact of migration on population structure?

Answer 3

1. Population size - UK population is growing, net migration is high, non UK born women have higher birth rates
2. Age structure = lowers the average age of the population
   - Directly as immigrants are younger
   - Indirectly as more fertile so have more babies
3. Dependency ratio
   - Immigrants are younger so it lowers the ratio
   - But they have more children so they increase the ratio
   - Longer they settle the more they reduce the overall average DR

Question 4

What is the politicisation of migration?

Answer 4

With increased global flows of migrants, migration has become an important political issue.

States now have policies that seek to control immigration, absorb migrants into society and deal with increased ethnic and cultural diversity. More recently immigration policies have been linked to national security and anti terrorism policies.

Question 5

What is assimilation?

Answer 5

The process of taking in and fully understanding information or ideas.

Question 6

Why should immigrants adopt assimilation?

Answer 6

Immigrants should adopt the language, values and customs of the host country in which they settle

Question 7

What is multiculturalism?

Answer 7

A society recognises and gives value to different cultures and/or ethnic groups.

It accepts that migrants may wish to maintain a separate identity.

Question 8

What is shallow diversity?

Answer 8

Regarding chicken tikka masala as Britain’s national dish, is acceptable to the state.

Question 9

What is deep diversity?

Answer 9

Arranged marriages and veiling of women is not acceptable to the state.

Question 10

What does Castles argue about assimilation policies?

Answer 10

That they are counterproductive because they mark out minority groups as culturally backwards. This can lead to minorities responding by emphasizing their difference as in the case of Islamic fundamentalism.

Question 11

How are globalization and migration linked?

Answer 11

According to the United Nations globalization has caused a speeding up of migration.

Question 12

What does Cohen argue about the different types of migrant?

Answer 12

1. Citizens - full citizenship rights
2. Denizens - privileged foreign nationals, billionaires
3. Helots - slaves, exploited group, reserve army of labor

Question 13

What do we already know about African Caribbean families?

Answer 13

1. Single parent families
2. Mostly headed by women
3. Increasing divorce
4. Mothers choice to live independent
   - At 30, 60% of African Caribbean men are single, compared to 45% of white peers

Question 14

What does Berthoud argue about African Caribbean families?

Answer 14

1. Women are more likely to be employed
   - Men are unreliable
   - Potentially a financial burden
2. Women more likely to be surrounded by extended kinship network
   - Inclusion of close family friends as “aunties”

Question 15

What do we already know about Asian families?

Answer 15

Most likely to live in nuclear families, but evidence of extended families are also popular with Asian families.

Question 16

What does Berthoud argue about Asian families?

Answer 16

1. South Asian are likely to be more traditional with family values
   - Marriage is high regarded
   - Little divorce

Marriage is likely to be arranged and little intermarriage between religions.

Question 17

What is the feminization’s of migration?

Answer 17

In the past, most migrants were men - today 50% are women - globalization of the gender division of labor

Question 18

What does Ehrenreich and Hochschild argue about feminization’s of migration?

Answer 18

Care, domestic and sex work in western countries are increasingly done by women in poorer countries
- 40% adult care nurses in the UK are migrants

Question 19

Conclusion of globalization effects on families:

Answer 19

1. Migrants tend to have larger families
2. Couples with different cultural background
3. Hybrid families
4. “World families”, relationships conducted with people in different countries
5. New types of crime (people trafficking)