P1 Education - Internal vs External Factors Flashcards
What are the external factors the rapid growth of female attainment?
- The Impact of Feminism
- Changes in the Family
- Changes in Female Employment
- Girls Changing Ambitions
What does Angela McRobbie say about the impact of feminism on girls attainment in education?
Angela studied girls magazines, in the 70s they emphasised the importance of getting married, now they contain images of assertive independent women.
- This has helped improve girls self image and ambitions and can explain improvement in educational achievement
What major changes in families are there since the 1970s?
- Divorce rates has increased
- Increase in cohabitation and decrease in first marriages
- Increase in lone parent families
- Smaller families
What is the Equal Pay Act 1970?
It makes it illegal to pay women less than men for work of equal value
What was the Sex Discrimination Act 1975?
It outlaws discrimination at work
How has changes in employment helped girls attainment in education?
- Since 1975 the gender pay gap has halved from 30% to 15%
- The proportion of women in employment has risen from 51% in 1973 to 67% in 2013
- Some women are breaking through the glass ceilings of higher professional jobs.
What did Sue Sharpe discover in 1994?
Sue interviewed girls in the 1970s and the 90s and showed a major shift in the way girls see their future
In the 70s - low aspirations, educational success is unfeminine, priorities given to love, marriege, husbands, children
In the 90s - careers and being able to support themselves now at the top priority, girls saw their future as an independent women with a career.
What are Internal Factors as to why girls acquired a higher attainment in education?
- Equal Opportunities Policies
- Positive Role Models in School
3, GCSE Coursework - Teacher Attention
- Challenging stereotypes in the curriculum
- Selection and League Tables
How did the Equal Opportunities Policies help with gender equality in education?
Policy makers were more aware of gender issues and teachers more sensitive to need to avoid stereotyping.
It is mainstream thinking that boys and girls are entitled the same opportunities
What did the National Curriculum remove?
It removed one source of gender inequality by making boy sand girls have mostly the same subjects
GIST and WISE encourage girls to pursue careers in these non traditional areas.
How does positive role models in school help with female attainment in education?
- Increase in proportion of female teachers / heads
- Women teachers are more likely to be particularly important role models
- Role models for girls show them women can achieve positions of importance and giving them non traditional goals to aim for.
How does GCSE coursework help with female attainment?
Changes in the way pupils are assessed have favoured girls and disadvantaged boys
- The characteristics that are needed for coursework become an advantage in today’s assessment system, helping girls achieve greater success than boys.
What does Janette Elwood say about GCSE courswork?
She argues that although coursework has some influence, it is unlikely to be the only one cause of the gender gap because the exams have much more influence on final grades.
How does Jane and Peter French argue that teacher attention affect girls and boys attainment in education?
They analysed classroom interactions, they found boys receive more attention because they acted more reprimands
What does Becky Francie argue about teacher attention?
She found that while boys get more attention and also disciplined more harshly and felt more picked on by teachers who tended to have lower expectations of them.
