P1 Education - Material Deprivation

Question 1

What are external and internal factors of class and educational underachievement?

Answer 1

Social class background has a powerful influence on a child’s chance of success. On average children from middle class families perform better.
Internal factors = factors within schools and the education system
External factors = factors outside of the education system

Question 2

What are external factors?

Answer 2

These are factors outside of the education system such as the influence of the home and family background:
1. Material Deprivation
2. Cultural Deprivation
3. Cultural Capital

Question 3

What is Material Deprivation?

Answer 3

Material deprivation is the lack of money leading to disadvantages. They may not be able to make the most of their educational opportunities for example:
- Extra tuition
-Revision books
-Stationary
-School trips

Question 4

What is cultural deprivation?

Answer 4

Cultural deprivation suggests some pupils backgrounds are deficient.

Question 5

How did Waldfogel and Washbrook (2010) test cognitive development?

Answer 5

They looked into relationship between low income and cognitive development (assessed the cognitive ability of 5 year old divided by children into 5 groups based on parental income.

Question 6

What did Waldfogel and Washbrook’s test say about cognitive development of children?

Answer 6

This test indicated that cognitive development of children in poverty when they start school is nearly a year behind that of middle income children. This is due to:
- Lack of home computer
- A car
- Annual holiday
- Health

Question 7

What does Sutton Trust say about private tuition?

Answer 7

Sutton Trust estimates that 23% of young people receive private tuition.
- 35% of households in the top income group
- 9% of households in the lowest income group.
This suggests that those in higher income groups have greater access to private tuition which translates into educational success

Question 8

What did Smith and Nobel say about the different barriers to learning resulting from low income families (1995)?

Answer 8

1. Children are isolated, bullied and stigmatised
   - Less likely to afford to have cool clothes, school trips, textbooks, school uniforms therefore fall behind in school work
2. Less likely to have computer and internet access
   - A comfortable safe space to complete homework
3. Catchment areas
   - More likely to live in deprived areas with unpopular schools
4. More likely to suffer with ill health
   - Poor attendance

Question 9

Why do middle class parents benefit from catchment areas?

Answer 9

• They can afford to move into catchment areas of “good” schools, pay for their children to have private tuition, go on schools trips, buy equipment, books etc
• Kids are more likely to live in socially deprived areas with social problems, no facilities and overcrowded housing that gives them no space.

Question 10

What are the effects still at higher education?

Answer 10

Working class are less likely to move out of home to attend university:
- Students felt they could not afford travel / accommodation costs
- Only 32% working class go university
- 70% middle class

Question 11

What factors affect studying for working class students?

Answer 11

• Part time jobs
• Miss lectures
• Longer hours

Question 12

What the conclusions of material deprivation?

Answer 12

Material deprivation can be represented by 4 factors:
1. Access to materials
2. Private tuition
3. Cognitive Development
4. Barriers to learning (Smith and Noble)