p2 Flashcards
what are the 4 definitions of abnormality and what to they mean?
statistical deviation- abnormal if statistically unusual
deviation from social norms- abnormal if violating social norms
failure to function adequatley- abnormal if cant continue with daily life
deviation from ideal ,mental health- abbnormal if deviate from Jahoda’s criteria: self esteem, perception of reality, autonomy, resist stress, self-actualisation, environmental mastery
what are 2 strengths and 2 limitations of the statistical deviation definition of abnormality?
appropriate for illness where stats are available e.g. IQ
real life application- intellectual disabilities
unusual characteristics can be positive e.g. high IQ
no benefit to being labelled abnormal if living happy life
what are 1 strength and 3 limitations of the deviation from social norms definition of abnormality?
takes into account desirability of behaviour
culturally relative
norms change over time
norms change in different contexts (e.g. red nose day)
what are 2 strengths and 2 limitations of the failure to function adequatley definition of abnormality?
recognises subjective experience of individual
easy to spot (not turningg up to work)
some may consider whats functional, abnormal (e.g.transvestitism to make a living)
people may be unaware of not functioning adequtley (e.g. schizophrenics)
what are 1 strength and 2 limitations of the deviation from ideal mental health definition of abnormality?
focueses on desirability of behaviour
difficult to achieve all criteria - we’d all be abnormal
culturally relative
state 1 behavioural, 1 emotional and 1 cognitive characteristic of phobias.
not leaving house
fear/embarassment
believes about to die
state 1 behavioural, 1 emotional and 1 cognitive characteristic of depression.
withdraw from socials
lowered mood, anger, low self esteem
absolutist thinking, dwell on -ve, low concentration
state 1 behavioural, 1 emotional and 1 cognitive characteristic of OCD
compulsive behaviour
fear, anxiety
obsessions
what is the explanation for phobias?
BEHAVIOURAL
aquired through classical conditioning
(rat=neutral stimulus, loud noise=becoms conditioned stimulus, crying=becomes conditioned response)
maintained through operant conditioning
(running away=-ve reinforcement, safety feeling=+ve reinforcement)
what is 1 strength and 2 limitations of the behavioural explanation of phobias?
application-treatment like systematic desensitisation
doesnt account for other explanations e.g. biological- its an innate fear
some seem to be aquired by social learning theory- child watches parents be afraid of something
what is the behavioural approach’s treatment for phobias? explain them.
flooding= intense exposure to phobic stimulus, no oppertunity to escape, based on CC- learn new association
systematic desensitisation= use anxiety hierarchy to gradually increase exposure to phobic stimulus, teach and maintain relaxation, based of CC- learn new association
what are 2 strengths and 2 limitations of the behavioural approach’s treatment of phobias?
SD less traumatic than floodingg so suitable for more people
flooding is rapid so cost effective
flooding not suitable for all patients bc high anxiety
flooding may have high attrition, make them worse
what are the 4 components of the explanation for depression?
COGNITIVE
faulty thinking= focus on -ve
-ve self schema= -ve package of info about self
-ve triad= becks cognitive triad- world future + self
ellis’ ABC model= Activating event triggers irrational Belief producing the Consequence such as depression
what are 1 strengths and 2 limitations of the cognitive approach’s explanation of phobias?
applicatoin- CBT
doesnt explain all symptoms e.g. anger
doesn’t account for bio factors e.g. serotonin which is supported by the success of SSRIs
what is the cognitive approach’s treatment for depression?
CBT= challenge irrational beliefs
Beck’s cognitive therapy= test thoughts of the negative triad and challenge them, empirical testing, logical argument, behavioural experiments
