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Question 1

In gender bias, what is meant by androcentrism? Give an example from the course.

Answer 1

male dominated/POV

Question 2

In gender bias, what is meant by alpha bias? Give an example from the course.

Answer 2

exaggerates gender differences so misrepresents behaviour

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Question 3

In gender bias, what is meant by beta bias? Give an example from the course.

Answer 3

underplays gender differences so misrepresents behaviour

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Question 4

In culture bias, what is meant by universality ?

Answer 4

theories that apply to the whole population

Question 5

In culture bias, what is meant by ethnocentrism?

Answer 5

use cultural framework as reference for judging other groups

Question 6

In culture bias, what is meant by cultural relativism?

Answer 6

everything should be considered in its own cultural context

Question 7

In the free will vs determinism debate, what is meant by free will? Give an example from the course.

Answer 7

choose your own behaviour, self determined.

humanistic approach, free will to self-actualise

Question 8

In the free will vs determinism debate, what is meant by hard determinism? Give an example from the course.

Answer 8

all b caused by preceding factors + is predictable

biological approach

Question 9

In the free will vs determinism debate, what is meant by soft determinism? Give an example from the course.

Answer 9

individual plays some part

SLT choose your models

Question 10

In the free will vs determinism debate, what is meant by biological determinism? Give an example from the course.

Answer 10

bio structures cause b

e.g. schizo caused by genes/dopamine

Question 11

In the free will vs determinism debate, what is meant by environmental determinism? Give an example from the course.

Answer 11

environment cause b

behaviourist bc stimulus needed for response

Question 12

In the free will vs determinism debate, what is meant by psychic determinism? Give an example from the course.

Answer 12

unconscious desires cause b

e.g. psychodynamic

Question 13

What is meant by the scientific emphasis on causal explanations

Answer 13

every event in the universe has a cause

Question 14

In the nature nurture debate, what is meant by nature? Give an example from the course.

Answer 14

b result of innate factors

schizo caused by genes

Question 15

In the nature nurture debate, what is meant by nurture? Give an example from the course.

Answer 15

b result of environment

SLT b learnt through learning

Question 16

In the nature nurture debate, what is meant by the interactionist approach? Give an example from the course.

Answer 16

b result of both innate factors and environment

(Epigenetics=genes change based on env) e.g. cognitive processing modified by experience

Question 17

In the holism reductionism debate, what is meant by holism? Give an example from the course.

Answer 17

focusing on the whole rather than the sum of parts.

humanistic

Question 18

In the holism reductionism debate, what is meant by reductionism? Give an example from the course.

Answer 18

simple way in terms of basic units

biological

Question 19

In the holism reductionism debate, what is meant by levels of explanation? State what approaches are on the higher, middle and lower level.

Answer 19

how reductionist the approaches are to psychology

Higher level: social explanation

Middle level: psychological

Lower level: biological

Question 20

In the holism reductionism debate, what is meant by biological reductionism? Give an example from the course.

Answer 20

reduce to biological systems ignores social psycho factors

schizo caused by excess dopamine receptors

Question 21

In the holism reductionism debate, what is meant by environmental reductionism? Give an example from the course.

Answer 21

stimulus-response reductionism
simplified to stimulus and response

classical conditioning explains b by association

Question 22

In the idiographic nomothetic debate, what is meant by the idiographic approach? Give an example from the course.

Answer 22

studies individual so can’t create general laws

Freud/psychodynamic

Question 23

In the idiographic nomothetic debate, what is meant by the nomothetic approach? Give an example from the course.

Answer 23

studies groups so can create general laws

behaviourism

Question 24

what are the 4 things to avoid when trying to avoid producing socially sensitive research?

Answer 24

• Research qu- could damage certain groups
• Methodology- confidentiality, anonymity
• Institutional context- how will data be used
• Interpretation of data- how it will be applied irl