id2 Flashcards
In gender bias, what is meant by androcentrism? Give an example from the course.
male dominated/POV
In gender bias, what is meant by alpha bias? Give an example from the course.
exaggerates gender differences so misrepresents behaviour
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In gender bias, what is meant by beta bias? Give an example from the course.
underplays gender differences so misrepresents behaviour
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In culture bias, what is meant by universality ?
theories that apply to the whole population
In culture bias, what is meant by ethnocentrism?
use cultural framework as reference for judging other groups
In culture bias, what is meant by cultural relativism?
everything should be considered in its own cultural context
In the free will vs determinism debate, what is meant by free will? Give an example from the course.
choose your own behaviour, self determined.
humanistic approach, free will to self-actualise
In the free will vs determinism debate, what is meant by hard determinism? Give an example from the course.
all b caused by preceding factors + is predictable
biological approach
In the free will vs determinism debate, what is meant by soft determinism? Give an example from the course.
individual plays some part
SLT choose your models
In the free will vs determinism debate, what is meant by biological determinism? Give an example from the course.
bio structures cause b
e.g. schizo caused by genes/dopamine
In the free will vs determinism debate, what is meant by environmental determinism? Give an example from the course.
environment cause b
behaviourist bc stimulus needed for response
In the free will vs determinism debate, what is meant by psychic determinism? Give an example from the course.
unconscious desires cause b
e.g. psychodynamic
What is meant by the scientific emphasis on causal explanations
every event in the universe has a cause
In the nature nurture debate, what is meant by nature? Give an example from the course.
b result of innate factors
schizo caused by genes
In the nature nurture debate, what is meant by nurture? Give an example from the course.
b result of environment
SLT b learnt through learning
In the nature nurture debate, what is meant by the interactionist approach? Give an example from the course.
b result of both innate factors and environment
(Epigenetics=genes change based on env) e.g. cognitive processing modified by experience
In the holism reductionism debate, what is meant by holism? Give an example from the course.
focusing on the whole rather than the sum of parts.
humanistic
In the holism reductionism debate, what is meant by reductionism? Give an example from the course.
simple way in terms of basic units
biological
In the holism reductionism debate, what is meant by levels of explanation? State what approaches are on the higher, middle and lower level.
how reductionist the approaches are to psychology
Higher level: social explanation
Middle level: psychological
Lower level: biological
In the holism reductionism debate, what is meant by biological reductionism? Give an example from the course.
reduce to biological systems ignores social psycho factors
schizo caused by excess dopamine receptors
In the holism reductionism debate, what is meant by environmental reductionism? Give an example from the course.
stimulus-response reductionism
simplified to stimulus and response
classical conditioning explains b by association
In the idiographic nomothetic debate, what is meant by the idiographic approach? Give an example from the course.
studies individual so can’t create general laws
Freud/psychodynamic
In the idiographic nomothetic debate, what is meant by the nomothetic approach? Give an example from the course.
studies groups so can create general laws
behaviourism
what are the 4 things to avoid when trying to avoid producing socially sensitive research?
- Research qu- could damage certain groups
- Methodology- confidentiality, anonymity
- Institutional context- how will data be used
- Interpretation of data- how it will be applied irl
