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ag2 Flashcards

1
Q

state the 3 biological explanations for aggression.

A

neural mechanisms
hormonal mechanisms
genetic factors

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2
Q

state the 2 components of the neural mechanisms explanation for aggression.

A

The limbic system (amygdala)

serotonin

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3
Q

what does the limbic system explanation for aggression suggest?

A

hyperactivity + reduced volume of the amygdala is linked to aggression
(anygdala= emotion, fear, rage)

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4
Q

what does the serotonin explanation for aggression suggest?

A

reduces aggression by inhibiting responses to emotional stimuli
decreased serotonin increases susceptibility to impulse behaviour

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5
Q

what is 1 strength and 1 limitation of the limbic system (amygdala) explanation for aggression?

A

ledoux 1996 electrically stimulate rats- produced fear/rage + stimulated womens amygdala + she smashed her guitar

animal studies cant generalise + unethical
preforntal cortex also relevant- 41 murderers had reduced prefrontal cortex activity

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6
Q

what is 1 strength and 1 limitation of the serotonin explanation for aggression?

A

mann (1990) gave 35 ps drug that depletes serotonin= increased aggression questionnaire score + high tryptaphan diet monkeys exhibited low aggression

small sample + animal study cant generalise
amygdala also plays role

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7
Q

state the component of the hormonal mechanisms explanation of aggression.

A

testosterone

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8
Q

what does the testosterone explanation for aggression suggest?

A

(androgen) men are often more aggression and they have more testosterone

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9
Q

what is 1 strength and 1 limitation of the testosterone explanation for aggression?

A

wagner found rats had more biting attacks pre-castration + history of violent crime often hgh testosterone

amygdala+serotonin also impact
animal study cant generalise

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10
Q

what is the genetics explanation for aggression? (plus the extra one)

A

MAOA gene

twin studies

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11
Q

What does the MAOA gene explanation of aggression suggest?

A

MAOA gene regulates MAOA enzyme which breaks down excess NTs
problems with this result in either less enzyme=more serotonin so build tolerance OR more enzyme= less serotonin so more aggression

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12
Q

what is 1 strength and 1 limitation of the MAOA explanation for aggression?

A

greater association in aggresive behaviour between MZ than DZ

twins often share same env so similarities in agg could be due to env not genetic

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13
Q

what is 1 strength and 1 limitation of the twin studies explanation for aggression?

A

greater association in aggresive behaviour between MZ than DZ

twins often share same env so similarities in agg could be due to env not genetic

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14
Q

state the 2 components of the ethological explanations of aggression

A

innate releasing mechanisms (irm)

fixed action patterns (fap)

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15
Q

what does the innate releasing mechanisms explanation of aggression suggest?

A

an innate system within an animal that responds to a stimulus
triggers the fixed action pattern
(the red dot for a stickleback)

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16
Q

what does the fixed action pattern explanation of aggression suggest?

A

the response (attack) which is innate and found through the species, and is a result of an IRM

17
Q

what is 1 strength and 1 limitation of the ethological explanation for aggression?

A

regardless of shape, study found stickleback would always attack a red spot (only males have these, and is a way of defending area) red spot=irm attack=fap + genetic explanation also suggests behaviour has innate basis

hard to generalise to humans + amygdala and testosterone also cause aggression

18
Q

what is the evolutionary explanation for aggression?

A

sexual jealousy to ensure own paternity-warn off others from stealing mate
aggressive ones mate, aggressive genes passed on
defend resources e.g. mates/territory
establish status
females look for men with resources- agg men more successful
females compete for best mates through low risk strats e.g. gossiping to disarm others

19
Q

what is 1 strength and 1 limitation of the evolutionary explanation for aggression?

A

accounts for gender differences in aggression

socially sensitive stereotype men as aggressive + neural mechanisms + hormones also relevant

20
Q

state the 3 components of the social psychological explanations for aggression.

A

dollards frustration aggression hypothesis
social learning theory
deindividuation

21
Q

what does dollards frustration aggression hypothesis suggest about aggression?

A

goal is obstructed, causing frustration, relieved in cathartic way i.e. displaying aggression. Aggression not always expressed- likely if were close to achieving goal or if aggression will help obtain it
psychodynamic bc catharsis+ displacement=defence mechanism

22
Q

what is 1 strength and 1 limitations of the dollards frustration aggression hypothesis explanation for aggression?

A

Green found as frustration increases (impossible task, ran out of time bc confederates, confederate insulted them) number of shocks increased

lacks mundane realism
frustration doesnt always lead to aggression

23
Q

what does the social learning theory explanation suggest about aggression?

A

learn aggression through observation
banduras bobo doll exp shows when children watched video of adultplay violent with doll, they imitated the behaviour
process=attention, retention, motor reproduction, motivation

24
Q

what is 1 strength and 1 limitation of the slt explantion for aggression?

A

applybto society, reduce childs exposure to violent material online for example
doesnt account for bio explanations

25
Q

what does the deindividuation explanation for aggression suggest?

A

once in crowd, lose sense of individuality + become part of crowd so go against norms if others do.
the anonymity lowers the personal consequence of aggression, increasing likelihood of being aggressive

26
Q

what is 1 strength and 1 limitation of the deindividuation explanation for aggression?

A

zimbardo prison study supports bc group of guards acted aggressively + deindividuated bc glasses and uniform

biology also causes aggression

27
Q

state the 2 explanations of institutional aggression

A 
situational explanation (deprivation model)
dispositional explanation (importation model)
28
Q

what does the situational explanation for institutional aggression suggest?

A

deprivation model

situational factors of prison circumstance cause aggression (e.g. loss of freedom, possessions, overcrowding)

29
Q

what does the dispositional explanation for institutional aggression suggest?

A

importation model

dispositional factors people bring into the prison causing aggression e.g. history of violent behaviour

30
Q

what is 1 strength and 1 limitation of the situational explanation for institutional aggression?

A

may lead to more concern and effort invested in changing prison env for the better to decrease prison attacks

doesnt account for biological explanations

31
Q

what is 1 strength and 1 limitation of the dispositional explanation for institutional aggression?

A

criminal history of violent crimes did show increased liklihood of aggression in prison in comparison to theft crimes

doesnt account for biological explanations

32
Q

what is the explanation for media influences (violent video games) on aggression?
what is 1 strength and 1 limitation of this

A

tv/computer game violence can cause agg behaviour

bartholomew found those who played vioent vid games played higher volume of white noise as opposed to those playing golfing game

lab study so no fear of consequence of agg + only examines short term effects

33
Q

state the 3 explanations of why media (violent video games) causes aggression?

A

desensitisation
disinhibition
cognitive priming

34
Q

what does the desensitisation explanation of media influences of aggression suggest?

A

(about emotional responses)
the more media violence ones eposed to the less sensitive they become to it
less sensitivity means more aggression, so is seen as normal/acceptable
studies use physiological responses (e.g.hr) to demonstrate arousal

35
Q

what is one strength and one limitation of the desensitisation explanation of media influences of aggression?

A

reduction in hr when people had watched real violence after media violence + measuring physiological responses so no demand effects- scientific

physiological changes dont neccessarily mean psycho changes

36
Q

what does the disinhibition explanation of media influences of aggression suggest?

A

(about social responses)
exposure to violence changes our view about it/its acceptability
legitimises violence and undermines sanctions

37
Q

what is one strength and one limitation of the disinhibition explanation of media influences of aggression?

A

bartholomew those who played violent game gave higher volume of white noise

?

38
Q

what does the cognitive priming explanation of media influences of aggression suggest?

A

aggressive images in media (e.g. guns out) act as cues for SCRIPT/ schema agg b
exposure to cues in similar context triggers memory leading to reproduction
either specific aggressive action or specific aggression

39
Q

what is one strength and one limitation of the cognitive priming explanation of media influences of aggression?

A

slt supports the idea of scripts as children copied violent behaviour perhaps because of script forming???????/

ignores biological factors leading to aggression

P (18 decks)

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