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Human Histology > (P) Lec 3.1: Connective Tissue > Flashcards

(P) Lec 3.1: Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

The most abundant tissue type in the body among the four fundamental types of tissue.

A

Connective Tissue

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2
Q

What is the major constituent of the connective tissue?

A

Extracellular matrix

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3
Q

This is made up of different combinations of protein fibers and ground substance

A

Extracellular matrix

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4
Q

The connective tissue is made up of which 3 structural elements?

A

o Specialized cells/ CT cells
o Fibers/ CT fibers
o Ground substance/ Ground matrix

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5
Q

What are the three structural properties of connective tissues?

A

Tensile strength
Elasticity
Volume

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6
Q

Familiarize he functions of the connective tissue

A
  1. Supports organs and soft tissues of the body
  2. Binding substance for organs and tissues
  3. Protection against injury and infection
  4. Fat storage and insulation (provided by adipose tissue)
  5. Hematopoietic function (provided by blood, which is also connective tissue)
  6. Repair of the body
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7
Q

The mesenchyme is from which subtype of connective tissue?

A

Embryonic tissue or Embryonal CT

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8
Q

These are undifferentiated cells with large nuclei, prominent nucleoli, fine chromatin; spindle-shaped, few/scant cytoplasm, thin processes

A

Mesenchymal cells

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9
Q

What are the cells of the connective tissue?

A
  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Adipocytes
  3. Macrophages & the mononuclear phagocyte system
  4. Mast cells
  5. Plasma
  6. Leukocytes
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10
Q

All adult connective tissue are derived from an embryonic form of which connective tissue?

A

Mesenchyme

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11
Q

This gives metabolic support to cells as the medium for the diffusion of nutrients and waste products.

A

The interstitial fluid of connective tissue

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12
Q

What are the resident cells in a connective tissue?

A

Mesenchymal
Macrophage
Adipocyte
Fibroblast

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13
Q

These are key cells in connective
tissue proper; originate locally from
mesenchymal cells

A

Fibroblasts

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14
Q

Where fo fibroblasts originate from?

A

Mesenchymal cells

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15
Q

T or F: Fibroblasts are permanent residents

A

True

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16
Q

This term denotes “active cell”

A

Fibroblast

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17
Q

This term denotes “quiescent cell”

A

Fibrocyte

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18
Q

T or F: The quiescent cell, or the fibrocyte, has more abundant and irregularly branched cytoplasm, containing much rough endoplasmic
reticulum (RER) and a well-developed Golgi apparatus, with a large, ovoid, euchromatic nucleus and a prominent nucleolus

A

False (Fibroblast/active cell)

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19
Q

T or F: The quiescent cell is smaller than the active fibroblast, is usually spindle-shaped with fewer processes, much less RER, and a darker, more heterochromatic nucleus.

A

True

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20
Q

T or F: Fibroblasts often undergo division

A

False

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21
Q

Between fibroblasts and fibrocytes, which typically have large active nuclei?

A

Fibroblasts

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22
Q

These are specialized for cytoplasmic storage of lipid as neutral fats; production of heat

A

Adipocyte

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23
Q

T or F: During the staining of adipocytes, the white part of the cell (or the cytoplasm) takes up stains

A

False

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24
Q

T or F: White Adipose Tissue appear empty in standard microscopy

A

True

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25
What are the true types of adipose tissue?
White and Brown
26
This type of tissue is found in newborn mammals; however, in adults, they are found around adrenals and great vessels
Brown Adipose Tissue
27
In brown adipose tissues, the lobules are separated by?
Fibrous septa
28
Macrophages are also called?
Histiocytes
29
These are cells which has highly developed phagocytic system
Macrophage
30
What are the precursors of macrophages?
Monocytes
31
They have an eccentric oval or kidney-shaped nucleus; they are important for the uptake, processing, and presentation of antigens to lymphocytes
Macrophages
32
They have basophilic secretory granules, display metachromasia
Mast cells
33
They have local inflammatory response: release heparin & histamine; Part of Innate immunity
Mast cells
34
What are the precursors of plasma cells?
B-lymphocyte
35
They're filled with basophilic secretory granules that often obscure the central nucleus
Mast cells
36
- lymphocyte-derived, antibody-producing cells. - Large, ovoid cells have basophilic cytoplasm - nucleus generally spherical. eccentrically placed.
Plasma cells
37
These are formed blood elements aka white blood cells
Leukocyte
38
Leukocytes enter the CT by process of?
Diapededsis
39
Its nuclei are described as having a clock-face, spokewheel, or cartwheel appearance
Plasma cells
40
Plasma cells contain inclusions called?
Russell bodies
41
What are the three connective tissue fiber?
1. Collagen fibers 2. Elastic fibers 3. Reticular fibers
42
What are the three collagen types?
* Fibrillar * Network * Linking/anchoring
43
This type of connective tissue fiber is: * most numerous * most abundant protein in the human body * with tropocollagen molecules
Collagen fiber
44
This is: * Made of collagen types I, II, and III. * Large, eosinophilic bundles called collagen fibers - densely fill the connective tissue, forming structures such as tendons, organ capsules, and dermis.
Fibril-forming
45
Network-forming collagen fibers are also called?
Sheet-forming collagens
46
- Type IV collagen - have subunits produced by epithelial cells and are major structural proteins of external laminae and all epithelial basal laminae.
Network-forming
47
This is: * main fiber type * provide tensile strength to resist pulling, stretching, tearing
Collagen
48
These are short collagens that link fibrillar collagens to one another (forming larger fibers) and to other components of the ECM.
Linking/anchoring
49
In linking/anchoring, Type ____ collagen binds type IV collagen and anchors the basal lamina to the underlying reticular lamina in basement membranes
Type VII
50
Main fiber type that is found in organs, particularly those subject to regular stretching or bending
Elastic fibers
51
T or F: Elastic fibers are basophilic in staining
False (acidophilic)
52
Elastic fibers contain which protein?
Elastin
53
This type of tissue fiber are sparse networks in between collagen; important for stretching and elastic recoil. Also found in lungs, skin, urinary bladder, wall of blood vessels
Elastin
54
An example of this connective tissue fiber is large blood vessels
Elastic fibers
55
Reticular fibers are composed mainly of collage type ___
Type III
56
T or F: Reticular fibers can undergo H&E staining
False
57
Reticular fibers are ________ stained black after impregnation with silver salt
Argyrophilic
58
These are stroma of hemopoietic tissue (bone marrow), the spleen, and lymph nodes
Reticular fibers
59
The Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) is made of ____________ that is a highly hydrated (with much bound water),
ground substance
60
The ground substance is a complex mixture of which three major kinds of macromolecules?
glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans, and multiadhesive glycoproteins.
61
This is the filling between cells and fibers in connective tissue, ground substance
Ground substance
62
it is viscous, acts as both a lubricant and a barrier to the penetration of invaders.
Ground substance
63
What are the subtypes of connective tissue?
Connective Tissue Proper Embryonic Reticular Adipose Bone Cartilage Blood
64
What are the specialized connective tissue?
Reticular Adipose Bone Cartilage Blood
65
What are the specific subtype of the connective tissue proper subtype?
Loose (Areolar) Dense (Regular/Irregular)
66
What are the embryonic connective tissue?
Mesenchyme and mucoid/mucous
67
Specific subtype of adipose tissue which is morphology unilocular predominantly seen in adults lipid storage
White or yellow
68
Specific subtype of adipose tissue which is multilocular, predominantly seen in NB, and more of heat production
Brown
69
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table) Much ground substance, many cells and little collagen, randomly distributed
Loose (areolar) CT
70
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table) Little ground substance; few cells (mostly fibroblasts); much collagen in randomly arranged fibers
Dense irregular CT
71
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table) Almost completely filled with parallel bundles of collagen; few fibroblasts, aligned with collagen
Dense regular connective tissue
72
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table) Sparse, undifferentiated cells, uniformly distributed in matrix sparse collagen fibers
Mesenchyme
73
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table) Random fibroblasts and collagen fibers in a viscous matrix
Mucoid (mucous) connective tissue
74
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table) Delicate network of reticulin/collagen III with attached fibroblasts (reticular cells)
Reticular CT
75
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table) Supports microvasculature nerves and immune defense cells
Loose CT
76
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table) Protects and supports organs; resist tearing
Dense irregular CT
77
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table) Provide strong connections within musculoskeletal system; strong resistance to force
Dense regular CT
78
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table) Contains stem/progenitor cells for all adult connective tissue cells
Mesenchyme
79
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table) Supports and cushions large vessels
Mucoid (mucous) CT
80
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table) Supports blood-forming cells, many secretory cells, and lymphocytes in most lymphoid organs
Reticular CT
81
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table) Examples are lamina propria beneath the epithelial lining of digestive tract
Loose CT
82
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table) Examples of dermis of skin, organ capsules, submucosa layer of digestive tract
Dense irregular CT
83
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table) Examples are ligaments, tendons, aponeuroses, corneal stroma
Dense regular connective tissue
84
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table) Examples are mesodermal layer of early embryo
Mesenchyme
85
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table) Example is matrix of the fetal umbilical cord
Mucoid (mucous) CT
86
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table) Examples are bone marrow, liver, pancreas, andrenal glands, all lymphoud organs except the thymus
Reticular CT

Human Histology (26 decks)

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