(P) Lec 3.1: Connective Tissue Flashcards
The most abundant tissue type in the body among the four fundamental types of tissue.
Connective Tissue
What is the major constituent of the connective tissue?
Extracellular matrix
This is made up of different combinations of protein fibers and ground substance
Extracellular matrix
The connective tissue is made up of which 3 structural elements?
o Specialized cells/ CT cells
o Fibers/ CT fibers
o Ground substance/ Ground matrix
What are the three structural properties of connective tissues?
Tensile strength
Elasticity
Volume
Familiarize he functions of the connective tissue
- Supports organs and soft tissues of the body
- Binding substance for organs and tissues
- Protection against injury and infection
- Fat storage and insulation (provided by adipose tissue)
- Hematopoietic function (provided by blood, which is also connective tissue)
- Repair of the body
The mesenchyme is from which subtype of connective tissue?
Embryonic tissue or Embryonal CT
These are undifferentiated cells with large nuclei, prominent nucleoli, fine chromatin; spindle-shaped, few/scant cytoplasm, thin processes
Mesenchymal cells
What are the cells of the connective tissue?
- Fibroblasts
- Adipocytes
- Macrophages & the mononuclear phagocyte system
- Mast cells
- Plasma
- Leukocytes
All adult connective tissue are derived from an embryonic form of which connective tissue?
Mesenchyme
This gives metabolic support to cells as the medium for the diffusion of nutrients and waste products.
The interstitial fluid of connective tissue
What are the resident cells in a connective tissue?
Mesenchymal
Macrophage
Adipocyte
Fibroblast
These are key cells in connective
tissue proper; originate locally from
mesenchymal cells
Fibroblasts
Where fo fibroblasts originate from?
Mesenchymal cells
T or F: Fibroblasts are permanent residents
True
This term denotes “active cell”
Fibroblast
This term denotes “quiescent cell”
Fibrocyte
T or F: The quiescent cell, or the fibrocyte, has more abundant and irregularly branched cytoplasm, containing much rough endoplasmic
reticulum (RER) and a well-developed Golgi apparatus, with a large, ovoid, euchromatic nucleus and a prominent nucleolus
False (Fibroblast/active cell)
T or F: The quiescent cell is smaller than the active fibroblast, is usually spindle-shaped with fewer processes, much less RER, and a darker, more heterochromatic nucleus.
True
T or F: Fibroblasts often undergo division
False
Between fibroblasts and fibrocytes, which typically have large active nuclei?
Fibroblasts
These are specialized for cytoplasmic storage of lipid as neutral fats; production of heat
Adipocyte
T or F: During the staining of adipocytes, the white part of the cell (or the cytoplasm) takes up stains
False
T or F: White Adipose Tissue appear empty in standard microscopy
True
What are the true types of adipose tissue?
White and Brown
This type of tissue is found in newborn mammals; however, in adults, they are found around adrenals and great vessels
Brown Adipose Tissue
In brown adipose tissues, the lobules are separated by?
Fibrous septa
Macrophages are also called?
Histiocytes
These are cells which has highly developed phagocytic system
Macrophage
What are the precursors of macrophages?
Monocytes
They have an eccentric oval or kidney-shaped nucleus; they are important for the uptake, processing, and presentation of antigens to lymphocytes
Macrophages
They have basophilic secretory granules, display metachromasia
Mast cells
They have local inflammatory response: release heparin & histamine; Part of Innate immunity
Mast cells
What are the precursors of plasma cells?
B-lymphocyte
They’re filled with basophilic secretory granules that often obscure the central nucleus
Mast cells
- lymphocyte-derived, antibody-producing cells.
- Large, ovoid cells have basophilic cytoplasm
- nucleus generally spherical. eccentrically placed.
Plasma cells
These are formed blood elements aka white blood cells
Leukocyte
Leukocytes enter the CT by process of?
Diapededsis
Its nuclei are described as having a clock-face, spokewheel, or cartwheel appearance
Plasma cells
Plasma cells contain inclusions called?
Russell bodies
What are the three connective tissue fiber?
- Collagen fibers
- Elastic fibers
- Reticular fibers
What are the three collagen types?
- Fibrillar
- Network
- Linking/anchoring
This type of connective tissue fiber is:
- most numerous
- most abundant protein in the human body
- with tropocollagen molecules
Collagen fiber
This is:
- Made of collagen types I, II, and III.
- Large, eosinophilic bundles called collagen fibers
- densely fill the connective tissue, forming structures such as tendons, organ capsules, and dermis.
Fibril-forming
Network-forming collagen fibers are also called?
Sheet-forming collagens
- Type IV collagen
- have subunits produced by epithelial cells and are major structural proteins of external laminae and all epithelial
basal laminae.
Network-forming
This is:
- main fiber type
- provide tensile strength to resist pulling, stretching, tearing
Collagen
These are short collagens that link fibrillar collagens to one another (forming larger fibers) and to other components of the ECM.
Linking/anchoring
In linking/anchoring, Type ____ collagen binds type IV collagen and anchors the basal lamina to the underlying reticular lamina in basement
membranes
Type VII
Main fiber type that is found in organs, particularly those subject to regular
stretching or bending
Elastic fibers
T or F: Elastic fibers are basophilic in staining
False (acidophilic)
Elastic fibers contain which protein?
Elastin
This type of tissue fiber are sparse networks in between collagen; important for stretching and elastic recoil. Also found in lungs, skin, urinary bladder, wall of blood vessels
Elastin
An example of this connective tissue fiber is large blood vessels
Elastic fibers
Reticular fibers are composed mainly of collage type ___
Type III
T or F: Reticular fibers can undergo H&E staining
False
Reticular fibers are ________ stained black after impregnation with silver salt
Argyrophilic
These are stroma of hemopoietic tissue
(bone marrow), the spleen, and lymph nodes
Reticular fibers
The Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) is made of ____________ that is a highly hydrated (with much bound water),
ground substance
The ground substance is a complex mixture of which three major kinds of macromolecules?
glycosaminoglycans (GAGs),
proteoglycans, and multiadhesive
glycoproteins.
This is the filling between cells and fibers in connective tissue, ground substance
Ground substance
it is viscous, acts as both a lubricant and a barrier to the penetration of invaders.
Ground substance
What are the subtypes of connective tissue?
Connective Tissue Proper
Embryonic
Reticular
Adipose
Bone
Cartilage
Blood
What are the specialized connective tissue?
Reticular
Adipose
Bone
Cartilage
Blood
What are the specific subtype of the connective tissue proper subtype?
Loose (Areolar)
Dense (Regular/Irregular)
What are the embryonic connective tissue?
Mesenchyme and mucoid/mucous
Specific subtype of adipose tissue which is morphology unilocular predominantly seen in adults lipid storage
White or yellow
Specific subtype of adipose tissue which is multilocular, predominantly seen in NB, and more of heat production
Brown
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)
Much ground substance, many cells and little collagen, randomly distributed
Loose (areolar) CT
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)
Little ground substance; few cells (mostly fibroblasts); much collagen in randomly arranged fibers
Dense irregular CT
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)
Almost completely filled with parallel bundles of collagen; few fibroblasts, aligned with collagen
Dense regular connective tissue
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)
Sparse, undifferentiated cells, uniformly distributed in matrix sparse collagen fibers
Mesenchyme
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)
Random fibroblasts and collagen fibers in a viscous matrix
Mucoid (mucous) connective tissue
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)
Delicate network of reticulin/collagen III with attached fibroblasts (reticular cells)
Reticular CT
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)
Supports microvasculature nerves and immune defense cells
Loose CT
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)
Protects and supports organs; resist tearing
Dense irregular CT
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)
Provide strong connections within musculoskeletal system; strong resistance to force
Dense regular CT
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)
Contains stem/progenitor cells for all adult connective tissue cells
Mesenchyme
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)
Supports and cushions large vessels
Mucoid (mucous) CT
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)
Supports blood-forming cells, many secretory cells, and lymphocytes in most lymphoid organs
Reticular CT
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)
Examples are lamina propria beneath the epithelial lining of digestive tract
Loose CT
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)
Examples of dermis of skin, organ capsules, submucosa layer of digestive tract
Dense irregular CT
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)
Examples are ligaments, tendons, aponeuroses, corneal stroma
Dense regular connective tissue
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)
Examples are mesodermal layer of early embryo
Mesenchyme
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)
Example is matrix of the fetal umbilical cord
Mucoid (mucous) CT
Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)
Examples are bone marrow, liver, pancreas, andrenal glands, all lymphoud organs except the thymus
Reticular CT