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Human Histology > (P) Lec 3.1: Connective Tissue > Flashcards

(P) Lec 3.1: Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

The most abundant tissue type in the body among the four fundamental types of tissue.

A

Connective Tissue

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2
Q

What is the major constituent of the connective tissue?

A

Extracellular matrix

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3
Q

This is made up of different combinations of protein fibers and ground substance

A

Extracellular matrix

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4
Q

The connective tissue is made up of which 3 structural elements?

A

o Specialized cells/ CT cells
o Fibers/ CT fibers
o Ground substance/ Ground matrix

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5
Q

What are the three structural properties of connective tissues?

A

Tensile strength
Elasticity
Volume

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6
Q

Familiarize he functions of the connective tissue

A
  1. Supports organs and soft tissues of the body
  2. Binding substance for organs and tissues
  3. Protection against injury and infection
  4. Fat storage and insulation (provided by adipose tissue)
  5. Hematopoietic function (provided by blood, which is also connective tissue)
  6. Repair of the body
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7
Q

The mesenchyme is from which subtype of connective tissue?

A

Embryonic tissue or Embryonal CT

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8
Q

These are undifferentiated cells with large nuclei, prominent nucleoli, fine chromatin; spindle-shaped, few/scant cytoplasm, thin processes

A

Mesenchymal cells

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9
Q

What are the cells of the connective tissue?

A
  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Adipocytes
  3. Macrophages & the mononuclear phagocyte system
  4. Mast cells
  5. Plasma
  6. Leukocytes
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10
Q

All adult connective tissue are derived from an embryonic form of which connective tissue?

A

Mesenchyme

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11
Q

This gives metabolic support to cells as the medium for the diffusion of nutrients and waste products.

A

The interstitial fluid of connective tissue

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12
Q

What are the resident cells in a connective tissue?

A

Mesenchymal
Macrophage
Adipocyte
Fibroblast

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13
Q

These are key cells in connective
tissue proper; originate locally from
mesenchymal cells

A

Fibroblasts

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14
Q

Where fo fibroblasts originate from?

A

Mesenchymal cells

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15
Q

T or F: Fibroblasts are permanent residents

A

True

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16
Q

This term denotes “active cell”

A

Fibroblast

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17
Q

This term denotes “quiescent cell”

A

Fibrocyte

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18
Q

T or F: The quiescent cell, or the fibrocyte, has more abundant and irregularly branched cytoplasm, containing much rough endoplasmic
reticulum (RER) and a well-developed Golgi apparatus, with a large, ovoid, euchromatic nucleus and a prominent nucleolus

A

False (Fibroblast/active cell)

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19
Q

T or F: The quiescent cell is smaller than the active fibroblast, is usually spindle-shaped with fewer processes, much less RER, and a darker, more heterochromatic nucleus.

A

True

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20
Q

T or F: Fibroblasts often undergo division

A

False

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21
Q

Between fibroblasts and fibrocytes, which typically have large active nuclei?

A

Fibroblasts

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22
Q

These are specialized for cytoplasmic storage of lipid as neutral fats; production of heat

A

Adipocyte

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23
Q

T or F: During the staining of adipocytes, the white part of the cell (or the cytoplasm) takes up stains

A

False

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24
Q

T or F: White Adipose Tissue appear empty in standard microscopy

A

True

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25
Q

What are the true types of adipose tissue?

A

White and Brown

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26
Q

This type of tissue is found in newborn mammals; however, in adults, they are found around adrenals and great vessels

A

Brown Adipose Tissue

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27
Q

In brown adipose tissues, the lobules are separated by?

A

Fibrous septa

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28
Q

Macrophages are also called?

A

Histiocytes

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29
Q

These are cells which has highly developed phagocytic system

A

Macrophage

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30
Q

What are the precursors of macrophages?

A

Monocytes

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31
Q

They have an eccentric oval or kidney-shaped nucleus; they are important for the uptake, processing, and presentation of antigens to lymphocytes

A

Macrophages

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32
Q

They have basophilic secretory granules, display metachromasia

A

Mast cells

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33
Q

They have local inflammatory response: release heparin & histamine; Part of Innate immunity

A

Mast cells

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34
Q

What are the precursors of plasma cells?

A

B-lymphocyte

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35
Q

They’re filled with basophilic secretory granules that often obscure the central nucleus

A

Mast cells

36
Q
  • lymphocyte-derived, antibody-producing cells.
  • Large, ovoid cells have basophilic cytoplasm
  • nucleus generally spherical. eccentrically placed.
A

Plasma cells

37
Q

These are formed blood elements aka white blood cells

A

Leukocyte

38
Q

Leukocytes enter the CT by process of?

A

Diapededsis

39
Q

Its nuclei are described as having a clock-face, spokewheel, or cartwheel appearance

A

Plasma cells

40
Q

Plasma cells contain inclusions called?

A

Russell bodies

41
Q

What are the three connective tissue fiber?

A
  1. Collagen fibers
  2. Elastic fibers
  3. Reticular fibers
42
Q

What are the three collagen types?

A
  • Fibrillar
  • Network
  • Linking/anchoring
43
Q

This type of connective tissue fiber is:

  • most numerous
  • most abundant protein in the human body
  • with tropocollagen molecules
A

Collagen fiber

44
Q

This is:

  • Made of collagen types I, II, and III.
  • Large, eosinophilic bundles called collagen fibers
  • densely fill the connective tissue, forming structures such as tendons, organ capsules, and dermis.
A

Fibril-forming

45
Q

Network-forming collagen fibers are also called?

A

Sheet-forming collagens

46
Q
  • Type IV collagen
  • have subunits produced by epithelial cells and are major structural proteins of external laminae and all epithelial
    basal laminae.
A

Network-forming

47
Q

This is:

  • main fiber type
  • provide tensile strength to resist pulling, stretching, tearing
A

Collagen

48
Q

These are short collagens that link fibrillar collagens to one another (forming larger fibers) and to other components of the ECM.

A

Linking/anchoring

49
Q

In linking/anchoring, Type ____ collagen binds type IV collagen and anchors the basal lamina to the underlying reticular lamina in basement
membranes

A

Type VII

50
Q

Main fiber type that is found in organs, particularly those subject to regular
stretching or bending

A

Elastic fibers

51
Q

T or F: Elastic fibers are basophilic in staining

A

False (acidophilic)

52
Q

Elastic fibers contain which protein?

A

Elastin

53
Q

This type of tissue fiber are sparse networks in between collagen; important for stretching and elastic recoil. Also found in lungs, skin, urinary bladder, wall of blood vessels

A

Elastin

54
Q

An example of this connective tissue fiber is large blood vessels

A

Elastic fibers

55
Q

Reticular fibers are composed mainly of collage type ___

A

Type III

56
Q

T or F: Reticular fibers can undergo H&E staining

A

False

57
Q

Reticular fibers are ________ stained black after impregnation with silver salt

A

Argyrophilic

58
Q

These are stroma of hemopoietic tissue
(bone marrow), the spleen, and lymph nodes

A

Reticular fibers

59
Q

The Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) is made of ____________ that is a highly hydrated (with much bound water),

A

ground substance

60
Q

The ground substance is a complex mixture of which three major kinds of macromolecules?

A

glycosaminoglycans (GAGs),
proteoglycans, and multiadhesive
glycoproteins.

61
Q

This is the filling between cells and fibers in connective tissue, ground substance

A

Ground substance

62
Q

it is viscous, acts as both a lubricant and a barrier to the penetration of invaders.

A

Ground substance

63
Q

What are the subtypes of connective tissue?

A

Connective Tissue Proper
Embryonic
Reticular
Adipose
Bone
Cartilage
Blood

64
Q

What are the specialized connective tissue?

A

Reticular
Adipose
Bone
Cartilage
Blood

65
Q

What are the specific subtype of the connective tissue proper subtype?

A

Loose (Areolar)
Dense (Regular/Irregular)

66
Q

What are the embryonic connective tissue?

A

Mesenchyme and mucoid/mucous

67
Q

Specific subtype of adipose tissue which is morphology unilocular predominantly seen in adults lipid storage

A

White or yellow

68
Q

Specific subtype of adipose tissue which is multilocular, predominantly seen in NB, and more of heat production

A

Brown

69
Q

Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)

Much ground substance, many cells and little collagen, randomly distributed

A

Loose (areolar) CT

70
Q

Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)

Little ground substance; few cells (mostly fibroblasts); much collagen in randomly arranged fibers

A

Dense irregular CT

71
Q

Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)

Almost completely filled with parallel bundles of collagen; few fibroblasts, aligned with collagen

A

Dense regular connective tissue

72
Q

Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)

Sparse, undifferentiated cells, uniformly distributed in matrix sparse collagen fibers

A

Mesenchyme

73
Q

Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)

Random fibroblasts and collagen fibers in a viscous matrix

A

Mucoid (mucous) connective tissue

74
Q

Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)

Delicate network of reticulin/collagen III with attached fibroblasts (reticular cells)

A

Reticular CT

75
Q

Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)

Supports microvasculature nerves and immune defense cells

A

Loose CT

76
Q

Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)

Protects and supports organs; resist tearing

A

Dense irregular CT

77
Q

Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)

Provide strong connections within musculoskeletal system; strong resistance to force

A

Dense regular CT

78
Q

Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)

Contains stem/progenitor cells for all adult connective tissue cells

A

Mesenchyme

79
Q

Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)

Supports and cushions large vessels

A

Mucoid (mucous) CT

80
Q

Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)

Supports blood-forming cells, many secretory cells, and lymphocytes in most lymphoid organs

A

Reticular CT

81
Q

Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)

Examples are lamina propria beneath the epithelial lining of digestive tract

A

Loose CT

82
Q

Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)

Examples of dermis of skin, organ capsules, submucosa layer of digestive tract

A

Dense irregular CT

83
Q

Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)

Examples are ligaments, tendons, aponeuroses, corneal stroma

A

Dense regular connective tissue

84
Q

Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)

Examples are mesodermal layer of early embryo

A

Mesenchyme

85
Q

Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)

Example is matrix of the fetal umbilical cord

A

Mucoid (mucous) CT

86
Q

Classification of connective or support tissues (The table)

Examples are bone marrow, liver, pancreas, andrenal glands, all lymphoud organs except the thymus

A

Reticular CT

Human Histology (26 decks)

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