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(M) Lec 3: Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Also called immune system

A

Lymphatic System

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2
Q

These are aggregates of lymphocytes in different regions of the body

A

Lymphoid Tissue

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3
Q

Parenchyma of the system

A

Lymphocytes

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4
Q

Stroma of the system

A

Reticular tissue / Reticular cells and fibers

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5
Q

Other cells found in the system

A

Plasma cells, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils

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6
Q

Location of parts of the Lymphatic system

A

lamina propria of respiratory and digestive system thymus, spleen, lymph node, tonsils

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7
Q

Types of lymphocytes according to size

A

Small, medium, large

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8
Q

This system protects the internal environment from invasion and damage by foreign substances, cells or microorganisms

A

Lymphatic system

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9
Q

These refer to which cell:

  • Small, spherical or oval
  • Large rounded nucleus or slightly indented on one side
  • Narrow non-granular cytoplasm
A

Lymphocytes

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10
Q

Type of lymphocyte according to size

  • Majority of cells
  • 6-9 um
  • Dark staining
A

Small lymphocytes

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11
Q

Type of lymphocyte according to size

  • 9-15 um
  • Pale
  • Lymphoblasts
A

Large lymphocytes

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12
Q

What sensitizes small lymphocytes?

A

Antigenic stimulation

small lymphocytes recognize foreign proteins and they store this info

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13
Q

Referred to as memory cells

A

T and B lymphocytes

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14
Q

A memory cell that directly attack the foreign organism

A

t-lymphocyte

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15
Q
A
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16
Q

The lymphocytes in the thymus contains:

A. T Lymphocytes
B. B Lymphocytes
C. AOTA
D. NOTA

A

A (100%)

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17
Q

The lymphocytes in the bone marrow contains:

A. T Lymphocytes
B. B Lymphocytes
C. AOTA
D. NOTA

A

C (10% of the T Lymph and 90% of the B Lymph)

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18
Q

The lymphocytes in the blood contains:

A. T Lymphocytes
B. B Lymphocytes
C. AOTA
D. NOTA

A

C (70/30)

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19
Q

The lymphocytes in the spleen contains:

A. T Lymphocytes
B. B Lymphocytes
C. AOTA
D. NOTA

A

C (45/55)

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20
Q

The lymphocytes in the Lymph nodes contains:

A. T Lymphocytes
B. B Lymphocytes
C. AOTA
D. NOTA

A

C (60/40)

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21
Q

These are programmed to recognize and react with specific types of antigen

A

Lymphocytes

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22
Q

What are the classifications of lymphoid tissue?

A
  • Loose lymphoid tissue
  • Dense lymphoid tissue
  • Nodular lymphoid tissue
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23
Q

Trachea, Esophagus, Internodular deep cortical and medullary sheaths of the spleen, Internodular regions of the tonsils and Peyer patches

These are example of which lymphatic issue?

A

Loose lymphatic tissue

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24
Q

Type of lymphatic tissue

  • Few lymphocytes
  • Irregularly and loosely scattered
  • Stroma: reticular cells and reticular fibers
A

Loose lymphatic tissue

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25
Q

Type of lymphatic tissue

  • Lymphocytes are abundant and closely packed
  • Examples: Ileum, Colon, Vermiform appendix
A

Dense LT

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26
Q

Also known as lymphoid follicles

A

Nodular LT

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27
Q

Type of lymphatic tissue

  • Compact, circumscribed aggregations of lymphocytes
  • Aka lymphoid follicles
  • Not permanent structures
  • Solitary lymphoid nodules
A

Nodular LT

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28
Q

Found in:

Lamina propria of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tract

  • Aggregates are found in Walls of the ileum called Peyer patches, Veriform appendix
A

Nodular LT

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29
Q

Type of lymphatic tissue

characterized as compact, circumscribed aggregations of B-cells forming lymphatic follicles or lymphatic nodules

A

Nodular LT

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30
Q

Refers to:

Aggregates of uniform cell density and staining; Has not encountered any antigen yet; No stimulation of any antigen

A

Primary lymphoid nodule

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31
Q

Refers to:

Aggregates with larger, more euchromatic cells centrally; Has already encountered an antigenic stimulation

A

Secondary lymphoid nodule

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32
Q

Its germinal center is a central, pale staining portion of a secondary nodule. This is composed of large activated B
lymphoblasts (centroblasts)

A

Tonsils

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33
Q

The peripheral, dark staining portion of lymphatic nodules is called the __________.

A

mantle/corona

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34
Q

Part of tonsil

➢ Smaller, naive lymphocytes pushed to the sides
➢ This is due to the rapid proliferation of activated B lymphoblasts
➢ Crowded together peripherally
➢ This is made up of small lymphocytes with dark staining nucleus and closely packed cells

A

Mantle/corona of the tonsils

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35
Q

Two classifications of lymphoid organs

A

Primary and Secondary

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36
Q

Example of primary lymphoid organ

A

Bone marrow and Thymus

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37
Q

Example of secondary lymphoid organs

A

➢ Spleen
➢ MALT (Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)
o Tonsils
o Peyer patch

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38
Q

Cells of the major lymphoid lineages mature and become functional in two different central or ______________

A

primary lymphoid organs

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39
Q

After activation in the primary, B and T cells circulate to which type of lymphoid organs?

A

Secondary

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40
Q

➢ Site of T-lymphocyte differentiation
➢ Selective removal of T-cells reactive against self antigens

A

Thymus

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41
Q
  • Bilobed structure in mediastinum
  • Remains large & active in T cell production until puberty
  • Undergoes involution
A

Thymus

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42
Q

Two parts of thymus

A

Cortex and medulla bitch

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43
Q

Part of thymus

  • Darkly basophilic
  • Plenty of lymphoblasts aka thymocytes
  • A peripheral zone of dense lymphatic tissue consisting of T-lymphocytes
  • Do not form lymphatic nodules
A

Thymic cortex

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44
Q

Part of thymus

  • The blood supply of this area consists only of capillaries.
  • This area is an active site of lymphocyte production.
A

Thymic cortex

45
Q

These cells found in the thymic cortex are stellate in shape, with scanty acidophilic cytoplasm and a large, oval nucleus.

A

Epithelial reticular cells

46
Q

Part of thymus

  • Composed of few pale staining lymphocytes.
  • The reticular cells here are extremely pleomorphic and have a more acidophilic cytoplasm.
A

Thymic medulla

47
Q

In the thymic medulla, some reticular cells are rounded; others are flattened
or wrapped around one another giving rise to the structures called __________.

A

Thymic corpuscles or Hassall’s bodies

48
Q

These are large aggregates of epithelial cells arranged concentrically that secrete cytokines; characteristic feature of thymus

A

Hassall’s bodies

49
Q

MALT stands for?

A

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

50
Q

T or F: MALT is an actual organ

A

False (a connection of lymphoid tissue)

51
Q
  • Large and diffuse collections of:
    ➢ Lymphocytes
    ➢ IgA-secreting plasma cells
    ➢ Antigen presenting cells
    ➢ Lymphoid nodules
52
Q

Tonsil that is:

➢ Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized Epithelium
➢ Tonsillar crypts → 10 to 20 deep invaginations
➢ Partial capsule of dense CT

53
Q

How many invaginations are tonsillar crypts?

54
Q

Tonsil that is:

➢ Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized Epithelium
➢ with crypts
➢ No distinct capsule

55
Q

Tonsil that is:

➢ Pseudostratified Columnar Ciliated Epithelium with Goblet cells
➢ Thin capsule, shallow infoldings; no crypts

A

Pharyngeal tonsil

56
Q

These are nodular aggregates only found in the ileum

A

Peyer’s patches

57
Q

➢ Commonly found in the lamina propria of the mucosa and some in the submucosa
➢ No underlying CT capsule
➢ Some lymphocytes are densely packed while others form aggregates of nodules

A

Peyer patches

58
Q
  • Short, small-diameter projection from the cecum
  • Lamina propria and submucosa filled with lymphocytes and lymphoid follicles
  • Lumen may contain bacteria of large intestines
59
Q
  • Bean-shaped encapsulated structures
  • 1.0 cm by 2.5 cm
  • Along lymphatic vessels
  • 400-450 nodes
A

Lymph node

60
Q

➢ Defend against the spread of microorganisms and tumor cells
➢ Provide enclosed environments for:
o Antigen presentation
o Development of plasma cells secreting non-IgA antibodies

A

Lymph node

61
Q

Part of lymph node:

o Afferent lymphatics enter

A

Convex surface

62
Q

Part of lymph node:

o Concave depression
o Efferent lymphatic leaves
o A, V, N penetrate the organ

63
Q

Part of lymph node:

o Dense connective tissue
o Trabeculae extend internally through which the blood vessels branch

64
Q

Part of lymph node:

o Ensure unidirectional lymph flow

65
Q

Three major regions of the lymph node

A

Cortex, Paracortex, Medulla

66
Q

Region of lymph node

  • Receiving lymph from the afferent lymphatics
  • Lymphoid nodules
67
Q

Region of lymph node

  • Where most lymphocytes enter
  • Lacks B-cell lymphoid nodules
  • Lymphoid tissue rich in T cells
A

Paracortex

68
Q

Region of lymph node

Has medullary sinuses and cords

69
Q

Medulla of lymph node

➢ Darker portion
➢ Masses of lymphoid tissue
➢ Contain T and B lymphocytes, plasma cells

A

Medullary cords

70
Q

Medulla of lymph node

➢ Lighter portion
➢ Dilated spaces
➢ Discontinuous endothelium
➢ Final lymph filter

A

Medullary sinuses

71
Q
  • Located at the Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) of the abdomen
  • 12 x 7 x 3 cm
  • Filled with dense CT capsule/ fibroelastic capsule
72
Q
  • Two regions: White pulp and Red pulp
  • Functions:
    ➢ Defense against blood-borne antigens
    ➢ Main site of old erythrocyte destruction
    ➢ Production site of antibodies and activated lymphocytes
73
Q

The lymphatic nodule of spleen

A

White pulp

20% of the spleen; consist of lymphoid nodules and the periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS)

74
Q

Region of spleen

  • Associated with a central arteriole
  • Enclosed by Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) of T cells
A

White pulp

75
Q

Region of spleen

  • Filters blood
  • Removes effete erythrocytes
  • Recycles hemoglobin iron
76
Q

What are the two portions of the red pulp of the spleen?

A

Splenic cords of Billroth
Splenic sinusoids

77
Q

What does NRMF stand for?

A

Nicanor Reyes Mother Fucker

78
Q

Cells that line the splenic sinusoids that allow the separation of healthy RBCs from effete RBCs

A

Stave cells

79
Q

Stroma of thymus

A

Epithelial reticular cells and macrophages

80
Q

Where are hassall’s bodies found?

A

Thymic medulla

81
Q

T or F: Hassall’s corpuscles in adults are larger than those in the child

82
Q

Two types of lymphatic vessels in the lymph node

A

Afferent and Efferent

83
Q

These are the reticular tissue, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages in the lymph nodes

84
Q

In lymph nodes, which is paler in staining, cortex or medulla?

85
Q

Familiarize the lymphatic pathway and sinuses

A
  1. afferent vessels-carries lymph to the organ
  2. lymph then goes to the subcapsular sinus
  3. from the cortical sinus into the medullary sinus
  4. efferent lymphatic vessels
86
Q

The humoral immune response of the lymph node is a property of which cells?

A

B lymph and plasma

87
Q

The cellular immune response of lymph nodes is a property of which cell?

A

T lymph (Its differentiation and activation)

88
Q

This organ has no afferent vessels nd no lymph sinuses; largest lymphoid organ

89
Q

T or F: PALS consists of B lymph while germinal center consists of T lymph

A

False (baliktad)

90
Q

Part of spleen

→ forms periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS)
→ found around the arteries; leaves the trabeculae to penetrate the parenchyma and may contain germinal centers
→ PALS consists of T-lymphocytes while germinal centers consist of B-lymphocytes
→ reticular tissue forms an irregular and loose CT
→ lymphocytes are small and medium-sized with the occasional presence of plasma cells and macrophages

A

White pulp

91
Q

Part of spleen

→ surrounds the white pulp
→ consists of plexuses of venous sinuses
→ subdivided into anastomosing cords called the Splenic Cords of Billroth (pulp cords; diffuse lymphatic tissue)
→ contains a large number of RBCs that fill the lumen of the sinuses and infiltrate the splenic cords
→ responsible for its color in fresh preparations
→ contains macrophages, erythrocytes, platelets, and a few plasma cells

92
Q

a peripheral, dark-staining portion of the lymphoid nodules; small lymphocytes with a dark-staining nucleus and closely packed cells

93
Q

Functions of this organ:

Cellular/cell-mediated immunity
Homograft rejection
Delayed hypersensitivity
Graft vs. host reaction
Immune response to fungi, bacteria, and virus

94
Q

Functions of this organ:

Graveyard for worn out RBCs
Reservoir for RBCs
Formation of lymphocytes
Removal of particulate matters in circulation
Immune response to bacteria, viruses, and foreign macromolecules

95
Q

These are deep invaginations at various places on the surface of tonsils

A

Tonsillar cyrpts

96
Q

Part of lymph node that is involved in functional differentiation of B lymphocytes

A

Germinal center

97
Q

The germinal center of a nodular LT is involved in the differentiation of which type of lymphocyte?

A

B lymphocytes

98
Q

LE of tonsils

A

Stratified squamous non-cornified epthelium

99
Q

Capsule of thymus is made of which specific subtype of tissue?

100
Q

Which part of the larynx is palatine tonsil found?

A

Oropharynx

101
Q

Type of lymphatic tissue, palatine tonsil

A

Dense and nodular LT

102
Q

WBCs found in saliva

A

Lymphocytes and neutrophil

103
Q

T or F: Palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils are the same

104
Q

Where are lymphocytes formed?

A

Bone marrow

105
Q

Receptors of B lymphocytes

A

Immunoglobulins

106
Q

Receptors of T lymphocyte

A

T-cell receptors

107
Q

Type of lymph node

Found in lamina propria of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts

A

Solitary lymphoid nodules

108
Q

Found in walls of the ileum–Peyer’s patches and the vermiform appendix

A

Aggregates of lymphoid nodules

Human Histology (26 decks)

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