(F) Lec 2.2: Accessory Organs of Digestion Flashcards
These are branched tubulo-alveolar glands that secretes saliva into the oral cavity
Salivary glands
Classification of salivary glands according to size
Big and small
Classification of salivary glands according to nature of secretion
Mucous, serous, and mixed
Site of opening of ducts of salivary glands
Oral cavity and oral vestibule
Three ductal system of the salivary gland
Intercalated duct, Striated duct, and Interlobular duct
LE of intercalated duct
simple cuboidal epithelium
LE of striated duct
simple columnar epithelium with some striations
LE of interlobular duct
simple columnar epithelium
The three salivary glands
Parotid, Submandibular/SUbmaxillary, Sublingual
Largest salivary gland
Parotid
Second largest salivary gland
Submandibular
Smallest salivary gland
Sublingual
Duct of parotid gland
Stensen’s
Duct of submandibular gland
Wharton’s
Duct of sublingual gland
Bartholin’s (major) & Rivinus’ (minor)
Secretion of parotid gland
Purely serous
Secretion of submandibular gland
Mixed predominantly serous
Secretion of sublingual gland
Mixed predominantly mucous
Other features of submandibular and sublingual gland
Serous demilunes of Gianuzzi
Two functions of the pancreas based on secretion
Exocrine and Endocrine
Exocrine or endocrine
Pancreatic acini
Exocrine
Exocrine or endocrine
Islets of langerhans
Endocrine
Enumerate the cells in the Islets of Langerhans
Alpha, Beta, Delta, C, E, F, and Pp Cells
T or F: Islets of Langerhans are dark-staining
False (light-staining)
Part of pancreas where pancreatic cancer is most commonly manifested
Pancreatic head
T or F: Acinar cells are dark-staining
True
T or F: Endocrine portion secretes hormones directly into the pancreas
False (into the bloodstream)
Familiarize the passageway of exocrine secretion
Main pancreatic duct > accessory pancreatic duct > ampulla of Vater (found at the second part of the duodenum)
Organ that is pear-shaped and found underneath the liver
Gallbladder
LE of gallbladder
Simple columnar
Two indications that you are looking at the gallbladder
- There are folds
- Presence of fibromuscular layer
Type of lining in the tunica serosa of the gallbladder
Mesothelium
Specific subtype of tissue in the perimuscular layer of the gallbladder
Dense CT
Refers to the layer of the gallbladder that’s composed of long, transverse, oblique muscles
Fibromuscular layer
T or F: Gallbladder produces bile
False (it stores it)
What organ produces bile?
Liver
T or F: Gallstones may obstruct the cystic duct but it should not obstruct the common bile duct to keep the bile going (jaundice is the consequence)
True
The largest glandular organ
Liver
Familiarize the functions of the liver
Bile secretion
Food processing and storage
Synthesis of fibrinogen, prothrombin, plasma, proteins, and heparin (clotting factors)
Detoxification (site of blood detoxification)
Blood glucose concentration and maintenance (glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis)
Synthesis of cholesterol and production of urea
Lipid metabolism
Refers to:
Anatomical unit of the liver
Polygonal prism that appears hexagonal
Hepatic lobule
How many portal areas surround the CV in the liver?
6
Members (mEMBERS????) of the portal triad
Portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct
Hepatic artery my bias fr <33
Refers to the center of the hepatic lobule and has hepatocytes that go toward the periphery of it
Central vein
Refer to:
Polygonal/polyhedral in shape
Mononucleated and binucleated
The nucleus is vesicular with one prominent nucleoli
The cytoplasm is eosinophilic and shows a considerable variation
Presence of glycogen is indicated by irregular empty spaces
Presence of lipids is represented by round vacuoles
Hepatocytes
Cells found in the hepatic sinusoids
Endothelial cells, Von-Kupffer cells, and Fat-storing cells
Cell in hepatic sinusoids that refers to flattened cells with small, elongated, dark-staining nucleus and attenuated cytoplasm
Endothelial cells
Cell in hepatic sinusoids that refers to stellate-shaped with processes containing engulfed RBCs, pigments, and granules rich in iron (engulfs anything foreign
Von-Kupffer cells
Cell in hepatic sinusoids that belongs to the reticulo-endothelial system of the body that originates from the monocytes
Von-Kupffer cells
Cell in hepatic sinusoids that refers to those that contain lipid droplets and called instertitial cells/lipocytes
Fat-storing cells
Refer to:
Perisinusoidal space in the liver
Narrow space between the endothelium of the sinusoids and periphery of hepatic cells
Disse’s Space
T or F: Hepatic veins are same from the central vein
False
Where do hepatic sinusoids drain into?
CV
Refers to the smallest radicles of the hepatic veins
Central vein
Where does CV drain into?
Sublobular vein
The liver acinus is divisible into how many zones?
3
Zone of the liver which is the closest to the portal tract and receives the most oxygen
Zone 1
Zone of the liver which is the farthest from the tract and receives the least oxygen (most susceptible to ischemia–restricted blood flow
Zone 3
