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Human Histology > (F) Lec 2.2: Accessory Organs of Digestion > Flashcards

(F) Lec 2.2: Accessory Organs of Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

These are branched tubulo-alveolar glands that secretes saliva into the oral cavity

A

Salivary glands

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2
Q

Classification of salivary glands according to size

A

Big and small

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3
Q

Classification of salivary glands according to nature of secretion

A

Mucous, serous, and mixed

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4
Q

Site of opening of ducts of salivary glands

A

Oral cavity and oral vestibule

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5
Q

Three ductal system of the salivary gland

A

Intercalated duct, Striated duct, and Interlobular duct

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6
Q

LE of intercalated duct

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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7
Q

LE of striated duct

A

simple columnar epithelium with some striations

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8
Q

LE of interlobular duct

A

simple columnar epithelium

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9
Q

The three salivary glands

A

Parotid, Submandibular/SUbmaxillary, Sublingual

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10
Q

Largest salivary gland

A

Parotid

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11
Q

Second largest salivary gland

A

Submandibular

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12
Q

Smallest salivary gland

A

Sublingual

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13
Q

Duct of parotid gland

A

Stensen’s

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14
Q

Duct of submandibular gland

A

Wharton’s

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15
Q

Duct of sublingual gland

A

Bartholin’s (major) & Rivinus’ (minor)

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16
Q

Secretion of parotid gland

A

Purely serous

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17
Q

Secretion of submandibular gland

A

Mixed predominantly serous

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18
Q

Secretion of sublingual gland

A

Mixed predominantly mucous

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19
Q

Other features of submandibular and sublingual gland

A

Serous demilunes of Gianuzzi

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20
Q

Two functions of the pancreas based on secretion

A

Exocrine and Endocrine

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21
Q

Exocrine or endocrine

Pancreatic acini

A

Exocrine

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22
Q

Exocrine or endocrine

Islets of langerhans

A

Endocrine

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23
Q

Enumerate the cells in the Islets of Langerhans

A

Alpha, Beta, Delta, C, E, F, and Pp Cells

24
Q

T or F: Islets of Langerhans are dark-staining

A

False (light-staining)

24
Q

Part of pancreas where pancreatic cancer is most commonly manifested

A

Pancreatic head

24
Q

T or F: Acinar cells are dark-staining

A

True

25
Q

T or F: Endocrine portion secretes hormones directly into the pancreas

A

False (into the bloodstream)

26
Q

Familiarize the passageway of exocrine secretion

A

Main pancreatic duct > accessory pancreatic duct > ampulla of Vater (found at the second part of the duodenum)

27
Q

Organ that is pear-shaped and found underneath the liver

A

Gallbladder

28
Q

LE of gallbladder

A

Simple columnar

29
Q

Two indications that you are looking at the gallbladder

A
  1. There are folds
  2. Presence of fibromuscular layer
30
Q

Type of lining in the tunica serosa of the gallbladder

A

Mesothelium

31
Q

Specific subtype of tissue in the perimuscular layer of the gallbladder

A

Dense CT

32
Q

Refers to the layer of the gallbladder that’s composed of long, transverse, oblique muscles

A

Fibromuscular layer

33
Q

T or F: Gallbladder produces bile

A

False (it stores it)

34
Q

What organ produces bile?

A

Liver

35
Q

T or F: Gallstones may obstruct the cystic duct but it should not obstruct the common bile duct to keep the bile going (jaundice is the consequence)

A

True

36
Q

The largest glandular organ

A

Liver

37
Q

Familiarize the functions of the liver

A

Bile secretion
Food processing and storage
Synthesis of fibrinogen, prothrombin, plasma, proteins, and heparin (clotting factors)
Detoxification (site of blood detoxification)
Blood glucose concentration and maintenance (glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis)
Synthesis of cholesterol and production of urea
Lipid metabolism

38
Q

Refers to:

Anatomical unit of the liver
Polygonal prism that appears hexagonal

A

Hepatic lobule

39
Q

How many portal areas surround the CV in the liver?

A

6

40
Q

Members (mEMBERS????) of the portal triad

A

Portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct

Hepatic artery my bias fr <33

41
Q

Refers to the center of the hepatic lobule and has hepatocytes that go toward the periphery of it

A

Central vein

42
Q

Refer to:

Polygonal/polyhedral in shape
Mononucleated and binucleated
The nucleus is vesicular with one prominent nucleoli
The cytoplasm is eosinophilic and shows a considerable variation
Presence of glycogen is indicated by irregular empty spaces
Presence of lipids is represented by round vacuoles

A

Hepatocytes

43
Q

Cells found in the hepatic sinusoids

A

Endothelial cells, Von-Kupffer cells, and Fat-storing cells

44
Q

Cell in hepatic sinusoids that refers to flattened cells with small, elongated, dark-staining nucleus and attenuated cytoplasm

A

Endothelial cells

45
Q

Cell in hepatic sinusoids that refers to stellate-shaped with processes containing engulfed RBCs, pigments, and granules rich in iron (engulfs anything foreign

A

Von-Kupffer cells

46
Q

Cell in hepatic sinusoids that belongs to the reticulo-endothelial system of the body that originates from the monocytes

A

Von-Kupffer cells

47
Q

Cell in hepatic sinusoids that refers to those that contain lipid droplets and called instertitial cells/lipocytes

A

Fat-storing cells

48
Q

Refer to:

Perisinusoidal space in the liver
Narrow space between the endothelium of the sinusoids and periphery of hepatic cells

A

Disse’s Space

49
Q

T or F: Hepatic veins are same from the central vein

A

False

50
Q

Where do hepatic sinusoids drain into?

A

CV

51
Q

Refers to the smallest radicles of the hepatic veins

A

Central vein

52
Q

Where does CV drain into?

A

Sublobular vein

53
Q

The liver acinus is divisible into how many zones?

A

3

54
Q

Zone of the liver which is the closest to the portal tract and receives the most oxygen

A

Zone 1

55
Q

Zone of the liver which is the farthest from the tract and receives the least oxygen (most susceptible to ischemia–restricted blood flow

A

Zone 3

Human Histology (26 decks)

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