(F) Lec 2.2: Accessory Organs of Digestion

Question 1

These are branched tubulo-alveolar glands that secretes saliva into the oral cavity

Answer 1

Salivary glands

Question 2

Classification of salivary glands according to size

Answer 2

Big and small

Question 3

Classification of salivary glands according to nature of secretion

Answer 3

Mucous, serous, and mixed

Question 4

Site of opening of ducts of salivary glands

Answer 4

Oral cavity and oral vestibule

Question 5

Three ductal system of the salivary gland

Answer 5

Intercalated duct, Striated duct, and Interlobular duct

Question 6

LE of intercalated duct

Answer 6

simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 7

LE of striated duct

Answer 7

simple columnar epithelium with some striations

Question 8

LE of interlobular duct

Answer 8

simple columnar epithelium

Question 9

The three salivary glands

Answer 9

Parotid, Submandibular/SUbmaxillary, Sublingual

Question 10

Largest salivary gland

Answer 10

Parotid

Question 11

Second largest salivary gland

Answer 11

Submandibular

Question 12

Smallest salivary gland

Answer 12

Sublingual

Question 13

Duct of parotid gland

Answer 13

Stensen’s

Question 14

Duct of submandibular gland

Answer 14

Wharton’s

Question 15

Duct of sublingual gland

Answer 15

Bartholin’s (major) & Rivinus’ (minor)

Question 16

Secretion of parotid gland

Answer 16

Purely serous

Question 17

Secretion of submandibular gland

Answer 17

Mixed predominantly serous

Question 18

Secretion of sublingual gland

Answer 18

Mixed predominantly mucous

Question 19

Other features of submandibular and sublingual gland

Answer 19

Serous demilunes of Gianuzzi

Question 20

Two functions of the pancreas based on secretion

Answer 20

Exocrine and Endocrine

Question 21

Exocrine or endocrine

Pancreatic acini

Answer 21

Exocrine

Question 22

Exocrine or endocrine

Islets of langerhans

Answer 22

Endocrine

Question 23

Enumerate the cells in the Islets of Langerhans

Answer 23

Alpha, Beta, Delta, C, E, F, and Pp Cells

Question 24

T or F: Islets of Langerhans are dark-staining

Answer 24

False (light-staining)

Question 24

Part of pancreas where pancreatic cancer is most commonly manifested

Answer 24

Pancreatic head

Question 24

T or F: Acinar cells are dark-staining

Answer 24

True

Question 25

T or F: Endocrine portion secretes hormones directly into the pancreas

Answer 25

False (into the bloodstream)

Question 26

Familiarize the passageway of exocrine secretion

Answer 26

Main pancreatic duct > accessory pancreatic duct > ampulla of Vater (found at the second part of the duodenum)

Question 27

Organ that is pear-shaped and found underneath the liver

Answer 27

Gallbladder

Question 28

LE of gallbladder

Answer 28

Simple columnar

Question 29

Two indications that you are looking at the gallbladder

Answer 29

1. There are folds 2. Presence of fibromuscular layer

Question 30

Type of lining in the tunica serosa of the gallbladder

Answer 30

Mesothelium

Question 31

Specific subtype of tissue in the perimuscular layer of the gallbladder

Answer 31

Dense CT

Question 32

Refers to the layer of the gallbladder that's composed of long, transverse, oblique muscles

Answer 32

Fibromuscular layer

Question 33

T or F: Gallbladder produces bile

Answer 33

False (it stores it)

Question 34

What organ produces bile?

Answer 34

Liver

Question 35

T or F: Gallstones may obstruct the cystic duct but it should not obstruct the common bile duct to keep the bile going (jaundice is the consequence)

Answer 35

True

Question 36

The largest glandular organ

Answer 36

Liver

Question 37

Familiarize the functions of the liver

Answer 37

Bile secretion Food processing and storage Synthesis of fibrinogen, prothrombin, plasma, proteins, and heparin (clotting factors) Detoxification (site of blood detoxification) Blood glucose concentration and maintenance (glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis) Synthesis of cholesterol and production of urea Lipid metabolism

Question 38

Refers to: Anatomical unit of the liver Polygonal prism that appears hexagonal

Answer 38

Hepatic lobule

Question 39

How many portal areas surround the CV in the liver?

Answer 39

6

Question 40

Members (mEMBERS????) of the portal triad

Answer 40

Portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct Hepatic artery my bias fr <33

Question 41

Refers to the center of the hepatic lobule and has hepatocytes that go toward the periphery of it

Answer 41

Central vein

Question 42

Refer to: Polygonal/polyhedral in shape Mononucleated and binucleated The nucleus is vesicular with one prominent nucleoli The cytoplasm is eosinophilic and shows a considerable variation Presence of glycogen is indicated by irregular empty spaces Presence of lipids is represented by round vacuoles

Answer 42

Hepatocytes

Question 43

Cells found in the hepatic sinusoids

Answer 43

Endothelial cells, Von-Kupffer cells, and Fat-storing cells

Question 44

Cell in hepatic sinusoids that refers to flattened cells with small, elongated, dark-staining nucleus and attenuated cytoplasm

Answer 44

Endothelial cells

Question 45

Cell in hepatic sinusoids that refers to stellate-shaped with processes containing engulfed RBCs, pigments, and granules rich in iron (engulfs anything foreign

Answer 45

Von-Kupffer cells

Question 46

Cell in hepatic sinusoids that belongs to the reticulo-endothelial system of the body that originates from the monocytes

Answer 46

Von-Kupffer cells

Question 47

Cell in hepatic sinusoids that refers to those that contain lipid droplets and called instertitial cells/lipocytes

Answer 47

Fat-storing cells

Question 48

Refer to: Perisinusoidal space in the liver Narrow space between the endothelium of the sinusoids and periphery of hepatic cells

Answer 48

Disse's Space

Question 49

T or F: Hepatic veins are same from the central vein

Answer 49

False

Question 50

Where do hepatic sinusoids drain into?

Answer 50

CV

Question 51

Refers to the smallest radicles of the hepatic veins

Answer 51

Central vein

Question 52

Where does CV drain into?

Answer 52

Sublobular vein

Question 53

The liver acinus is divisible into how many zones?

Answer 53

3

Question 54

Zone of the liver which is the closest to the portal tract and receives the most oxygen

Answer 54

Zone 1

Question 55

Zone of the liver which is the farthest from the tract and receives the least oxygen (most susceptible to ischemia–restricted blood flow

Answer 55

Zone 3