(M) Lec 2.1: Blood Flashcards
This is the:
Ø Distributing vehicle
Ø Regulate body temperature
Ø Maintain acid base and osmotic balance
Blood
What is the fundamental tissue type of blood?
Connective
Percent contribution of blood to Total Body Weight (TBW)
8%
Average amount of blood in adults
5L
Composition of blood
Plasma
Formed blood elements
Layers for formed blood element
RBC and buffer coat
What are the layers of whole blood?
Plasma, RBC, buffy coat
Percent composition of plasma in whole blood
55%
Percent composition of RBC in whole blood
44%
Percent composition of buffy coat in whole blood
<1%
The buffy coat is composed of?
Platelets and Leukocytes
This is composed of:
gases, proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, enzymes, hormones, antibodies and inorganic salts ( Cl, Na, H2CO3, Ca)
Plasma
Its functions are:
coagulation, temperature regulation, respiration, regulation of blood pH and fluid balance
Plasma
Serum is a yellow fluid without?
Fibrinogen & clotting factors
Percent composition of RBC in males
40 - 50 %
Percent composition of RBC in female
35 - 45 %
What is done after the Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS) made?
Air-dried -> stained
What are the two common stains?
Wright’s stain and Giemsa stain
The stains generally include two or more dyes, what are these?
> basic dye (often methylene blue)
acidic dye (usually eosin)
What are formed when methylene blue is oxidized?
Reddish-blue azures
If stained with acidic dye, what’s the color?
Pink/red
If stained with basic dye, what’s the color?
Purple/black
What are the blood formed elements?
Ø Erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBC)
Ø Platelets (thrombocytes)
Ø Leukocytes (white blood cells, WBC)
What are the types of WBC?
Granulocytes and Agranulocytes
What are the granulocytes?
- Neutrophil (~60% of WBC)
- Eosinophil (~4% of WBC)
- Basophil (<1% of WBC)
What are the agranulocytes?
- Lymphocyte (B-cell, T-cell) (~27% of WBC)
- Monocyte (~8% of WBC)
Percent composition of neutrophil in WBCs?
~60%
Percent composition of eosinophil in WBCs?
~4%
Percent composition of basophil in WBCs?
<1%
Percent composition of lymphocytes in WBCs?
~27%
Percent composition of monocytes in WBCs?
~8%
Deviation of size in RBC is called?
anisocytosis
Deviation of shape in RBC is called?
poikilocytosis
Size diameter of RBCs
7.5 - 8 um
Shape of RBCs
Biconcave disc
Increase in number of RBC
Erythrocytosis
Decrease in number of RBC
Erythrocytopenia
RBC count
4.5 – 5.5 mil/mm3 (Normal value)
Normal value of hemoglobin
12 – 15 gms
Lifespan of RBC (adults)
120 days
Lifespan of RBCs (babies)
90 days
Number of nuclei of WBCs
Mononucleated
Average number of WBCs
5,000 – 10,000/mm3
Increase number of WBCs
Leukocytosis
Decreased number of WBCs
Leukopenia
Increased of immature WBCs
Leukemia
Neutrophils are also classified as?
Poly mononuclear cells
These are the __________ (primary/secondary) granules of which WBC?
Myeloperoxidase
Lysozyme
Defensins
Acid hydrolase
Elastase
Primary; neutrophil, eosinophil, and basophil
These are the __________ (primary/secondary) granules of which WBC?
Type IV collagenase (aids migration)
Lactoferrin (sequesters iron)
Phospholipase A2 (leukotriene synthesis)
Lysozyme (digests bacterial cell wall)
Secondary, neurtrophil
These are the __________ (primary/secondary) granules of which WBC?
MBP
Eosinophilic Peroxidase
Chemokines, Cytokines &
lipid mediators
Major basic protein
Eosinophilic cationic protein
Neurotoxin
Histaminase
Secondary, eosinophil
These are the __________ (primary/secondary) granules of which WBC?
Heparin
Histamine
Leukotriene
Eosinophil chemotactic factor
Phospholipids for synthesis
of leukotrienes, e.g. slowreacting substance of
anaphylaxis ( SRS-A)
Have surface receptors for
IGE
secondary; Basophil
What are the types of lymphocytes according to function?
B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, and NK cells
Lymphocyte with CD4 marker
B-lymphocyte
Lymphocyte with CD8 marker
T-lymphocyte
This is the most numerous agranulocytes, smallest of leukocytes, round nucleus with scanty cytoplasm.
Sizes range from small, medium and large.
Lymphocytes
This is the precursor of the mononuclear phagocyte system in the connective tissue of nearly all organs.
Monocytes
Largest of all leukocytes, large indented nucleus usually C-shaped. Bluish-grey basophilic cytoplasm
Monocytes
T or F: Thrombocytes, erythrocytes, and leukocytes all have nucleus
False (thrombocytes & RBCs are anucleated)
Size of thrombocytes
2 – 5 um in diameter
Normal value of thrombocytes
200,000 – 400,000 / ml
Thrombocytes have light blue peripheral transparent zone called?
Hyalomere
Thrombocytes have central dense purple granules called?
Granulomere
These formed elements are seen in clumps
Platelets