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Human Histology > (M) Lec 2.1: Blood > Flashcards

(M) Lec 2.1: Blood Flashcards

1
Q

This is the:
Ø Distributing vehicle
Ø Regulate body temperature
Ø Maintain acid base and osmotic balance

A

Blood

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2
Q

What is the fundamental tissue type of blood?

A

Connective

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3
Q

Percent contribution of blood to Total Body Weight (TBW)

A

8%

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4
Q

Average amount of blood in adults

A

5L

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5
Q

Composition of blood

A

Plasma
Formed blood elements

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6
Q

Layers for formed blood element

A

RBC and buffer coat

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7
Q

What are the layers of whole blood?

A

Plasma, RBC, buffy coat

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8
Q

Percent composition of plasma in whole blood

A

55%

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9
Q

Percent composition of RBC in whole blood

A

44%

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10
Q

Percent composition of buffy coat in whole blood

A

<1%

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11
Q

The buffy coat is composed of?

A

Platelets and Leukocytes

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12
Q

This is composed of:
gases, proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, enzymes, hormones, antibodies and inorganic salts ( Cl, Na, H2CO3, Ca)

A

Plasma

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13
Q

Its functions are:
coagulation, temperature regulation, respiration, regulation of blood pH and fluid balance

A

Plasma

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14
Q

Serum is a yellow fluid without?

A

Fibrinogen & clotting factors

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15
Q

Percent composition of RBC in males

A

40 - 50 %

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16
Q

Percent composition of RBC in female

A

35 - 45 %

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17
Q

What is done after the Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS) made?

A

Air-dried -> stained

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18
Q

What are the two common stains?

A

Wright’s stain and Giemsa stain

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19
Q

The stains generally include two or more dyes, what are these?

A

> basic dye (often methylene blue)
acidic dye (usually eosin)

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20
Q

What are formed when methylene blue is oxidized?

A

Reddish-blue azures

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21
Q

If stained with acidic dye, what’s the color?

A

Pink/red

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22
Q

If stained with basic dye, what’s the color?

A

Purple/black

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23
Q

What are the blood formed elements?

A

Ø Erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBC)
Ø Platelets (thrombocytes)
Ø Leukocytes (white blood cells, WBC)

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24
Q

What are the types of WBC?

A

Granulocytes and Agranulocytes

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25
Q

What are the granulocytes?

A
  1. Neutrophil (~60% of WBC)
  2. Eosinophil (~4% of WBC)
  3. Basophil (<1% of WBC)
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26
Q

What are the agranulocytes?

A
  1. Lymphocyte (B-cell, T-cell) (~27% of WBC)
  2. Monocyte (~8% of WBC)
27
Q

Percent composition of neutrophil in WBCs?

A

~60%

28
Q

Percent composition of eosinophil in WBCs?

A

~4%

29
Q

Percent composition of basophil in WBCs?

A

<1%

30
Q

Percent composition of lymphocytes in WBCs?

A

~27%

31
Q

Percent composition of monocytes in WBCs?

A

~8%

32
Q

Deviation of size in RBC is called?

A

anisocytosis

33
Q

Deviation of shape in RBC is called?

A

poikilocytosis

34
Q

Size diameter of RBCs

A

7.5 - 8 um

35
Q

Shape of RBCs

A

Biconcave disc

36
Q

Increase in number of RBC

A

Erythrocytosis

37
Q

Decrease in number of RBC

A

Erythrocytopenia

38
Q

RBC count

A

4.5 – 5.5 mil/mm3 (Normal value)

39
Q

Normal value of hemoglobin

A

12 – 15 gms

40
Q

Lifespan of RBC (adults)

A

120 days

41
Q

Lifespan of RBCs (babies)

A

90 days

42
Q

Number of nuclei of WBCs

A

Mononucleated

43
Q

Average number of WBCs

A

5,000 – 10,000/mm3

44
Q

Increase number of WBCs

A

Leukocytosis

45
Q

Decreased number of WBCs

A

Leukopenia

46
Q

Increased of immature WBCs

A

Leukemia

47
Q

Neutrophils are also classified as?

A

Poly mononuclear cells

48
Q

These are the __________ (primary/secondary) granules of which WBC?

Myeloperoxidase
Lysozyme
Defensins
Acid hydrolase
Elastase

A

Primary; neutrophil, eosinophil, and basophil

49
Q

These are the __________ (primary/secondary) granules of which WBC?

Type IV collagenase (aids migration)
Lactoferrin (sequesters iron)
Phospholipase A2 (leukotriene synthesis)
Lysozyme (digests bacterial cell wall)

A

Secondary, neurtrophil

50
Q

These are the __________ (primary/secondary) granules of which WBC?

MBP
Eosinophilic Peroxidase
Chemokines, Cytokines &
lipid mediators
Major basic protein
Eosinophilic cationic protein
Neurotoxin
Histaminase

A

Secondary, eosinophil

51
Q

These are the __________ (primary/secondary) granules of which WBC?

Heparin
Histamine
Leukotriene
Eosinophil chemotactic factor
Phospholipids for synthesis
of leukotrienes, e.g. slowreacting substance of
anaphylaxis ( SRS-A)
Have surface receptors for
IGE

A

secondary; Basophil

52
Q

What are the types of lymphocytes according to function?

A

B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, and NK cells

53
Q

Lymphocyte with CD4 marker

A

B-lymphocyte

54
Q

Lymphocyte with CD8 marker

A

T-lymphocyte

55
Q

This is the most numerous agranulocytes, smallest of leukocytes, round nucleus with scanty cytoplasm.
Sizes range from small, medium and large.

A

Lymphocytes

56
Q

This is the precursor of the mononuclear phagocyte system in the connective tissue of nearly all organs.

A

Monocytes

57
Q

Largest of all leukocytes, large indented nucleus usually C-shaped. Bluish-grey basophilic cytoplasm

A

Monocytes

58
Q

T or F: Thrombocytes, erythrocytes, and leukocytes all have nucleus

A

False (thrombocytes & RBCs are anucleated)

59
Q

Size of thrombocytes

A

2 – 5 um in diameter

60
Q

Normal value of thrombocytes

A

200,000 – 400,000 / ml

61
Q

Thrombocytes have light blue peripheral transparent zone called?

A

Hyalomere

62
Q

Thrombocytes have central dense purple granules called?

A

Granulomere

63
Q

These formed elements are seen in clumps

A

Platelets

Human Histology (26 decks)

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