(M) Lec 2.1: Blood

Question 1

This is the:
Ø Distributing vehicle
Ø Regulate body temperature
Ø Maintain acid base and osmotic balance

Answer 1

Blood

Question 2

What is the fundamental tissue type of blood?

Answer 2

Connective

Question 3

Percent contribution of blood to Total Body Weight (TBW)

Answer 3

8%

Question 4

Average amount of blood in adults

Answer 4

5L

Question 5

Composition of blood

Answer 5

Plasma
Formed blood elements

Question 6

Layers for formed blood element

Answer 6

RBC and buffer coat

Question 7

What are the layers of whole blood?

Answer 7

Plasma, RBC, buffy coat

Question 8

Percent composition of plasma in whole blood

Answer 8

55%

Question 9

Percent composition of RBC in whole blood

Answer 9

44%

Question 10

Percent composition of buffy coat in whole blood

Answer 10

<1%

Question 11

The buffy coat is composed of?

Answer 11

Platelets and Leukocytes

Question 12

This is composed of:
gases, proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, enzymes, hormones, antibodies and inorganic salts ( Cl, Na, H2CO3, Ca)

Answer 12

Plasma

Question 13

Its functions are:
coagulation, temperature regulation, respiration, regulation of blood pH and fluid balance

Answer 13

Plasma

Question 14

Serum is a yellow fluid without?

Answer 14

Fibrinogen & clotting factors

Question 15

Percent composition of RBC in males

Answer 15

40 - 50 %

Question 16

Percent composition of RBC in female

Answer 16

35 - 45 %

Question 17

What is done after the Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS) made?

Answer 17

Air-dried -> stained

Question 18

What are the two common stains?

Answer 18

Wright’s stain and Giemsa stain

Question 19

The stains generally include two or more dyes, what are these?

Answer 19

> basic dye (often methylene blue)
acidic dye (usually eosin)

Question 20

What are formed when methylene blue is oxidized?

Answer 20

Reddish-blue azures

Question 21

If stained with acidic dye, what’s the color?

Answer 21

Pink/red

Question 22

If stained with basic dye, what’s the color?

Answer 22

Purple/black

Question 23

What are the blood formed elements?

Answer 23

Ø Erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBC)
Ø Platelets (thrombocytes)
Ø Leukocytes (white blood cells, WBC)

Question 24

What are the types of WBC?

Answer 24

Granulocytes and Agranulocytes

Question 25

What are the granulocytes?

Answer 25

1. Neutrophil (~60% of WBC) 2. Eosinophil (~4% of WBC) 3. Basophil (<1% of WBC)

Question 26

What are the agranulocytes?

Answer 26

1. Lymphocyte (B-cell, T-cell) (~27% of WBC) 2. Monocyte (~8% of WBC)

Question 27

Percent composition of neutrophil in WBCs?

Answer 27

~60%

Question 28

Percent composition of eosinophil in WBCs?

Answer 28

~4%

Question 29

Percent composition of basophil in WBCs?

Answer 29

<1%

Question 30

Percent composition of lymphocytes in WBCs?

Answer 30

~27%

Question 31

Percent composition of monocytes in WBCs?

Answer 31

~8%

Question 32

Deviation of size in RBC is called?

Answer 32

anisocytosis

Question 33

Deviation of shape in RBC is called?

Answer 33

poikilocytosis

Question 34

Size diameter of RBCs

Answer 34

7.5 - 8 um

Question 35

Shape of RBCs

Answer 35

Biconcave disc

Question 36

Increase in number of RBC

Answer 36

Erythrocytosis

Question 37

Decrease in number of RBC

Answer 37

Erythrocytopenia

Question 38

RBC count

Answer 38

4.5 – 5.5 mil/mm3 (Normal value)

Question 39

Normal value of hemoglobin

Answer 39

12 – 15 gms

Question 40

Lifespan of RBC (adults)

Answer 40

120 days

Question 41

Lifespan of RBCs (babies)

Answer 41

90 days

Question 42

Number of nuclei of WBCs

Answer 42

Mononucleated

Question 43

Average number of WBCs

Answer 43

5,000 – 10,000/mm3

Question 44

Increase number of WBCs

Answer 44

Leukocytosis

Question 45

Decreased number of WBCs

Answer 45

Leukopenia

Question 46

Increased of immature WBCs

Answer 46

Leukemia

Question 47

Neutrophils are also classified as?

Answer 47

Poly mononuclear cells

Question 48

These are the __________ (primary/secondary) granules of which WBC? Myeloperoxidase Lysozyme Defensins Acid hydrolase Elastase

Answer 48

Primary; neutrophil, eosinophil, and basophil

Question 49

These are the __________ (primary/secondary) granules of which WBC? Type IV collagenase (aids migration) Lactoferrin (sequesters iron) Phospholipase A2 (leukotriene synthesis) Lysozyme (digests bacterial cell wall)

Answer 49

Secondary, neurtrophil

Question 50

These are the __________ (primary/secondary) granules of which WBC? MBP Eosinophilic Peroxidase Chemokines, Cytokines & lipid mediators Major basic protein Eosinophilic cationic protein Neurotoxin Histaminase

Answer 50

Secondary, eosinophil

Question 51

These are the __________ (primary/secondary) granules of which WBC? Heparin Histamine Leukotriene Eosinophil chemotactic factor Phospholipids for synthesis of leukotrienes, e.g. slowreacting substance of anaphylaxis ( SRS-A) Have surface receptors for IGE

Answer 51

secondary; Basophil

Question 52

What are the types of lymphocytes according to function?

Answer 52

B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, and NK cells

Question 53

Lymphocyte with CD4 marker

Answer 53

B-lymphocyte

Question 54

Lymphocyte with CD8 marker

Answer 54

T-lymphocyte

Question 55

This is the most numerous agranulocytes, smallest of leukocytes, round nucleus with scanty cytoplasm. Sizes range from small, medium and large.

Answer 55

Lymphocytes

Question 56

This is the precursor of the mononuclear phagocyte system in the connective tissue of nearly all organs.

Answer 56

Monocytes

Question 57

Largest of all leukocytes, large indented nucleus usually C-shaped. Bluish-grey basophilic cytoplasm

Answer 57

Monocytes

Question 58

T or F: Thrombocytes, erythrocytes, and leukocytes all have nucleus

Answer 58

False (thrombocytes & RBCs are anucleated)

Question 59

Size of thrombocytes

Answer 59

2 – 5 um in diameter

Question 60

Normal value of thrombocytes

Answer 60

200,000 – 400,000 / ml

Question 61

Thrombocytes have light blue peripheral transparent zone called?

Answer 61

Hyalomere

Question 62

Thrombocytes have central dense purple granules called?

Answer 62

Granulomere

Question 63

These formed elements are seen in clumps

Answer 63

Platelets