(M) Lec 3: Cardiovascular System Flashcards
1
Q
Organ that pumps blood to all parts of the body
A
Heart
2
Q
The main organ of the circulatory system
A
Heart
3
Q
Four chambers of the heart
A
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
4
Q
The blood from the brain enters what vein in the heart?
A
Superior vena cava
5
Q
The blood from the abdomen/lower portion of the body enters what vein in the heart?
A
Inferior vena cava
6
Q
SVC and IVC goes to which chamber?
A
Right atrium
7
Q
Where does oxygenation occur?
A
Lungs
8
Q
Which chamber of the heart is most prone to thicken and prone to hypertrophy?
A
Left ventricle
its task is to deliver blood to the systemic circulation
9
Q
Which ventricle sends the blood to the body?
A
Left ventricle
10
Q
Which ventricle supplies blood to all around of the body?
A
Left ventricle
11
Q
Which chamber of the heart pumps blood?
A
Left ventricle
12
Q
What are the walls of the heart?
A
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
13
Q
A glistening layer which covers inner surface of the atria and ventricles
A
Endocardium
14
Q
Term for epithelium in endocardium
A
endothelium
15
Q
Specific subtype of epithelium in endocardium
A
Simple squamous
16
Q
T or F: Endocardium has continuous blood vessels
A
True
17
Q
This is the conducting portion of the endocardium
A
Subendocardium
18
Q
Specific subtype of subendocardium
A
Loose CT
19
Q
What can be found in subendocardium?
A
Collagenous and elastic (C&E) fibers, blood vessles (BVs), nerves
20
Q
T o F: Purkinje cells make up the Purkinje fiber
A
False
found in the cerebellar cortex, they are different from the fibers
21
Q
Specific layer where purkinje fibers are located
A
Subendocardium
22
Q
These are modified cardiac muscle cells located in the AV bundle and its branches
A
Purkinje fibers
23
Q
Has:
* Reduced number of myofibrils
* More sarcoplasm and abundant glycogen
* More rounded nucleus in groups of 2 or more
* Larger diameter
* Lack transverse tubules of cardiac muscles
A
Purkinje fibers
24
Q
Main mass of the heart
A
Myocardium
25
Cardiac muscles arranged in
______________
Buncles or fasicles
26
In this layer, there are strands of connective tissues and vascular network in between cells
Myocardium
27
T or F: Cardiac muscles are striated
True (sana all striat)
28
These cells are cylindrical with branching ends
Cardiac muscle cells
29
Number of nucleus of cardiac muscle cells
Mononucleated or binucleated
30
T or F: Arrangement of nucleus of cardiac muscle cells are peripheral
False (central)
31
Characteristic feature of cardiac myocyte
Intercalated discs
32
This is the outer wall of the heart
Epicadium
33
What are the cells found in the endocardium?
Endothelial cells
34
What are the cells found in the epicardium?
Mesothelial cells
35
This is the visceral layer of the pericardium; lined by a single layer of flat cells or cuboidal mesothelial cells
Epicardium
36
This is a thin layer of connective tissue full of elastic fibers, BVs, and nerves
Subepicardium
37
This is a:
* Space between epicardium and parietal pericardium
* Serous fluid: secreted by mesothelial cells
* Layers glide freely
Pericardial cavity
38
The pericardial cavity is found in which layer?
Epicardium
39
Refers to the central supporting structure of the heart, to which
most of the muscle fibers are attached and with which the valves are connected
Cardiac skeleton
40
Specific subtype tissue of cardiac skeleton
Dense connective tissue
41
These three structures are found in the cardiac skeleton
Septum membranaceum
Trigona fibrosa
Annuli fibrosi
42
Refers to the
* Upper fibrous part of the interventricular septum
* Attachment for ends of fibers of cardiac muscles
CLUE: This is the membrane in the septum
Septum membranaceum
43
This is:
→ Between arterial foramina & AV canals
→ Provide support and maintain the integrity of all four orifices.
→ Without these rings of support the orifices would stretch and the valves would be unable to function
properly
Trigona Fibrosa
44
Refers to the:
→ Fibrous ring
→ Principal attachment of muscular fibersof atria, ventricles, and AV valves
→ Main portion of the cardiac skeleton → Dense connective tissue that surround the openings of the four orifices
Annuli Fibrosi
45
Type of annuli fibrosi ring which is the strongest
Aortic ring
46
Refers to the neuro-muscular bundle extending from the SA node up to the ventricles.
Impulse conducting system
47
To propagate the cardiac impulse, it is important to have a coordinated contraction of _____ and ______
Atria and ventricles
48
Which composes the impulse conducting system?
SA Node
AV Node
Bundle of HIS
Right and Left branches of Bundle of His Subendocardial network of Purkinje fibers
49
This is the pacemaker of the heart
SA Node
50
SA node, being found in the sulcus terminalis area, is found in which chamber of the heart?
Right atrium
51
Node found below the posterior leaf of aortic valve
AV Node
52
Part of the impulse conducting system located in the dense connective tissue of the Trigonum fibrosum dextrum continuous with SM
Bundle of His
53
Main types of blood vessels
Arteries, capillaries, and veins
54
Refers to the tubular structures that convey blood either away or
towards the heart
Blood vessels
55
Blood vessel that deliver toward organ and tissue, toward systemic circulation; away from the heart
Arteries
56
Refer to the anastomosing channels of small caliber providing interchange of substances (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
Capillaries
57
Blood vessel that return blood of the heart; back to the heart
Veins
58
Layers of blood vessels
Tunica adventitia
Tunica media
Tunica intima
59
Layer in contact with the blood, innermost layer made of a single layer of endothelial cells
Tunica intima
60
The endothelium is composed of of how many layer of endothelial cells?
Single
61
The subendothelial layer's specific subtype of tissue
LCT
62
This structure can be found in tunica intima and delineates tunica intima from tunica media
Internal elastic lamina
63
Middle layer of blood vessel; * Circumferentially arranged smooth muscle cells with elastic fibers, collagen fibers and proteoglycans
Tunica media
64
Structure that separates tunica media and tunica adventitia
External elastic membrane
65
Outmost layer of blood vessels
Tunica adventitia
66
Specific subtype of tunica adventitia
LCT
67
This layer of blood vessel has collagenous, elastic fibers, BV’s, N’s
Tunica adventitia
68
Thickest layer in arteries
Tunica media
69
Thickest layer in veins
Tunica adventitia
70
Which blood vessel has larger or collapsed’ lumen?
Veins
71
Which blood vessel has smaller lumen?
Artery
72
Type of BV where the elastic laminas are more prominent
Artery
73
Refers to the:
* Blood supply of blood vessels
* Vessel within a vessel
Vasa vasorum
74
Refers to the:
* Nerve supply of blood
vessels
Nervi vasorum
75
The nervi vasorum and vasa vasorum are mostly found in which BV layer?
Tunica adventitia
76
Other name for large arteries
Histolologic and Physiologic
Physiologic:Conducting
Histologic: Elastic arteries (LEC)
77
Refers to the fenestrated elastic membrane; some smooth muscles; layer in large arteries
Tunica media
78
This layer of large arteries have tall, round or polygonal endothelial cells
Tunica intima
79
T or F: The IEM in large arteries are prominent
False
80
Other name for medium-sized arteries
Histologic and Physiologic
Histologic: Muscular
Physiologic: Distributing arteries (MMDA)
81
T or F: The IEM in medium-sized arteries are very prominent
True
82
Where is IEM found?
Tunica intima
83
In medium-sized arteries, this layer is composed of 25 - 40 layers of circumferentially arranged smooth
muscles
Tunica media
84
Average diameter of small arteries
300 um
85
T or F: The IEM in small arteries are very prominent
False
85
In small arteries, the tunica media is composed of ____ muscle cells
Smooth
86
Average diameter of arterioles
100 um
87
T or F: Arterioles have subendothelium in tunica intima
False
88
This layer of arterioles are thin and inconspicuous
Tunica adventitia
89
Precapillaries are also called?
Metaarterioles
90
Diameter of precapillaries
50 um
91
This is the transition from arteriole to capillary
Precapilaries
92
T or F: Precapillaries have subendothelium
False
93
Thess BVs are thin-walled tubes whch branch extensively
Capillaries
94
Diameter of capillaries
5 to 10 um
95
Length of capillaries
Not greater than 50 um
96
These BVs have single layer of endothelial cells on a basement membrane
Capillaries
97
Types of capillaries
Continuous, Fenestrated, Sinusoidal
98
Type of capillaries
* Endothelium is uninterrupted
* Lack pores in the wall
* Found in muscles, nerves, connective tissues
Continuous
99
In this type of capillary, the endothelium have pores of 80-100 um closed by very thin porous diaphragm.
Found in Pancreas, GIT, choroid plexus, ciliary body
Fenestrated with diaphragm
100
Type of capillary where pores are not closed; example of this is glomerulus
Fenestrated without diaphragm
101
Type of capillary
* Wider lumen
* Larger fenestrae
* Lack diaphragm
* BM: not prominent
* Some endocrine glands, carotid and aortic bodies
Fenestrated sinusoidal
102
Type of capillary
* Endothelium: lined of relatively large caliber and irregular cross-sectional outline
* Tortuous path
* Greatly enlarged diameter
* Discontinuous lining in walls
* With phagocytic cells
* Discontinuous basal lamina
* Found in the liver, bone marrow, some endocrine glands
Sinusoidal
103
Type of capillary
* Endothelial cells: elongated along
longitudinal axis of vessels
* Surrounded by reticular fibers
* Specialized vessels of the spleen
Sinuses
104
BV which has larger caliber and thinner walls than arteries
Veins
105
Layer of vein
Endothelial layer with thin subendothelium
Tunica intima
106
Layer of vein
Very thin with sparse circular muscle loosely arranged
Tunica media
107
Layer of vein
* Collagenous connective tissue in large amounts
* With vasa vasorum and nervi vasorum
Tunica adventitia
108
Type of vein which its tunica adventitia is the only prominent coat
Venule
109
# Venules
Layer of venule
Single layer of flattened endothelial cells
Tunica intima
110
Layer of venule
* Very indistinct
* Incomplete layer of smooth muscle
Tunica media
111
# Small Veins
This type of vein has thin subendothelium which is absent at times
Tunica intima
112
Layer of small vein
* Endothelial cells
* Thin subendothelium; absent at times
Tunica intima
113
Layer of small vein
Small bundles of smooth muscles
Tunica media
114
Layer of small vein
Thick layer of LCT
* Ex: trabecular vein of spleen
Tunica adventitia
115
Most Veins in the body
Medium-sized veins
116
Layer of medium-sized veins
* Thin layer
* Flattened endothelium and subendothelium
Medium-sized veins
| Intima dapat
117
Layer of medium-sized veins
* Circularly arranged smooth muscles
* C & E
Tunica media
118
Layer of medium-sized veins
* Well-developed
* Forms the bulk
* C & E
Ex: veins of visceral organs
Tunica Adventitia
119
Layer of large veins
Endothelium: polygonal cells
* Subendothelium: C & E
* IEM: ?
Tunica intima
120
Layer of large veins
Poorly-developed
* Thin smooth muscles, few elastic fibers
Tunica media
121
Layer of large veins
* Greater part
* LCT, C & E
* SVC, IVC, SMV, renal vein
Tunica adventitia
122
Vaso Vasurom extend till tunica Media
Artery
123
Vasa Vasorum extend till tunica intima
Vein
