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Human Histology > (M) Lec 3: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

(M) Lec 3: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Organ that pumps blood to all parts of the body

A

Heart

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2
Q

The main organ of the circulatory system

A

Heart

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3
Q

Four chambers of the heart

A

 Right atrium
 Left atrium
 Right ventricle
 Left ventricle

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4
Q

The blood from the brain enters what vein in the heart?

A

Superior vena cava

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5
Q

The blood from the abdomen/lower portion of the body enters what vein in the heart?

A

Inferior vena cava

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6
Q

SVC and IVC goes to which chamber?

A

Right atrium

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7
Q

Where does oxygenation occur?

A

Lungs

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8
Q

Which chamber of the heart is most prone to thicken and prone to hypertrophy?

A

Left ventricle

its task is to deliver blood to the systemic circulation

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9
Q

Which ventricle sends the blood to the body?

A

Left ventricle

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10
Q

Which ventricle supplies blood to all around of the body?

A

Left ventricle

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11
Q

Which chamber of the heart pumps blood?

A

Left ventricle

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12
Q

What are the walls of the heart?

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

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13
Q

A glistening layer which covers inner surface of the atria and ventricles

A

Endocardium

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14
Q

Term for epithelium in endocardium

A

endothelium

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15
Q

Specific subtype of epithelium in endocardium

A

Simple squamous

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16
Q

T or F: Endocardium has continuous blood vessels

A

True

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17
Q

This is the conducting portion of the endocardium

A

Subendocardium

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18
Q

Specific subtype of subendocardium

A

Loose CT

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19
Q

What can be found in subendocardium?

A

Collagenous and elastic (C&E) fibers, blood vessles (BVs), nerves

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20
Q

T o F: Purkinje cells make up the Purkinje fiber

A

False

found in the cerebellar cortex, they are different from the fibers

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21
Q

Specific layer where purkinje fibers are located

A

Subendocardium

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22
Q

These are modified cardiac muscle cells located in the AV bundle and its branches

A

Purkinje fibers

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23
Q

Has:
* Reduced number of myofibrils
* More sarcoplasm and abundant glycogen
* More rounded nucleus in groups of 2 or more
* Larger diameter
* Lack transverse tubules of cardiac muscles

A

Purkinje fibers

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24
Q

Main mass of the heart

A

Myocardium

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25
Q

Cardiac muscles arranged in
______________

A

Buncles or fasicles

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26
Q

In this layer, there are strands of connective tissues and vascular network in between cells

A

Myocardium

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27
Q

T or F: Cardiac muscles are striated

A

True (sana all striat)

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28
Q

These cells are cylindrical with branching ends

A

Cardiac muscle cells

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29
Q

Number of nucleus of cardiac muscle cells

A

Mononucleated or binucleated

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30
Q

T or F: Arrangement of nucleus of cardiac muscle cells are peripheral

A

False (central)

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31
Q

Characteristic feature of cardiac myocyte

A

Intercalated discs

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32
Q

This is the outer wall of the heart

A

Epicadium

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33
Q

What are the cells found in the endocardium?

A

Endothelial cells

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34
Q

What are the cells found in the epicardium?

A

Mesothelial cells

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35
Q

This is the visceral layer of the pericardium; lined by a single layer of flat cells or cuboidal mesothelial cells

A

Epicardium

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36
Q

This is a thin layer of connective tissue full of elastic fibers, BVs, and nerves

A

Subepicardium

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37
Q

This is a:
* Space between epicardium and parietal pericardium
* Serous fluid: secreted by mesothelial cells
* Layers glide freely

A

Pericardial cavity

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38
Q

The pericardial cavity is found in which layer?

A

Epicardium

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39
Q

Refers to the central supporting structure of the heart, to which
most of the muscle fibers are attached and with which the valves are connected

A

Cardiac skeleton

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40
Q

Specific subtype tissue of cardiac skeleton

A

Dense connective tissue

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41
Q

These three structures are found in the cardiac skeleton

A

Septum membranaceum
Trigona fibrosa
Annuli fibrosi

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42
Q

Refers to the
* Upper fibrous part of the interventricular septum
* Attachment for ends of fibers of cardiac muscles

CLUE: This is the membrane in the septum

A

Septum membranaceum

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43
Q

This is:
→ Between arterial foramina & AV canals
→ Provide support and maintain the integrity of all four orifices.
→ Without these rings of support the orifices would stretch and the valves would be unable to function
properly

A

Trigona Fibrosa

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44
Q

Refers to the:
→ Fibrous ring
→ Principal attachment of muscular fibersof atria, ventricles, and AV valves
→ Main portion of the cardiac skeleton → Dense connective tissue that surround the openings of the four orifices

A

Annuli Fibrosi

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45
Q

Type of annuli fibrosi ring which is the strongest

A

Aortic ring

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46
Q

Refers to the neuro-muscular bundle extending from the SA node up to the ventricles.

A

Impulse conducting system

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47
Q

To propagate the cardiac impulse, it is important to have a coordinated contraction of _____ and ______

A

Atria and ventricles

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48
Q

Which composes the impulse conducting system?

A

SA Node
AV Node
Bundle of HIS
Right and Left branches of Bundle of His Subendocardial network of Purkinje fibers

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49
Q

This is the pacemaker of the heart

A

SA Node

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50
Q

SA node, being found in the sulcus terminalis area, is found in which chamber of the heart?

A

Right atrium

51
Q

Node found below the posterior leaf of aortic valve

52
Q

Part of the impulse conducting system located in the dense connective tissue of the Trigonum fibrosum dextrum continuous with SM

A

Bundle of His

53
Q

Main types of blood vessels

A

Arteries, capillaries, and veins

54
Q

Refers to the tubular structures that convey blood either away or
towards the heart

A

Blood vessels

55
Q

Blood vessel that deliver toward organ and tissue, toward systemic circulation; away from the heart

56
Q

Refer to the anastomosing channels of small caliber providing interchange of substances (oxygen and carbon dioxide)

A

Capillaries

57
Q

Blood vessel that return blood of the heart; back to the heart

58
Q

Layers of blood vessels

A

Tunica adventitia
Tunica media
Tunica intima

59
Q

Layer in contact with the blood, innermost layer made of a single layer of endothelial cells

A

Tunica intima

60
Q

The endothelium is composed of of how many layer of endothelial cells?

61
Q

The subendothelial layer’s specific subtype of tissue

62
Q

This structure can be found in tunica intima and delineates tunica intima from tunica media

A

Internal elastic lamina

63
Q

Middle layer of blood vessel; * Circumferentially arranged smooth muscle cells with elastic fibers, collagen fibers and proteoglycans

A

Tunica media

64
Q

Structure that separates tunica media and tunica adventitia

A

External elastic membrane

65
Q

Outmost layer of blood vessels

A

Tunica adventitia

66
Q

Specific subtype of tunica adventitia

67
Q

This layer of blood vessel has collagenous, elastic fibers, BV’s, N’s

A

Tunica adventitia

68
Q

Thickest layer in arteries

A

Tunica media

69
Q

Thickest layer in veins

A

Tunica adventitia

70
Q

Which blood vessel has larger or collapsed’ lumen?

71
Q

Which blood vessel has smaller lumen?

72
Q

Type of BV where the elastic laminas are more prominent

73
Q

Refers to the:
* Blood supply of blood vessels
* Vessel within a vessel

A

Vasa vasorum

74
Q

Refers to the:
* Nerve supply of blood
vessels

A

Nervi vasorum

75
Q

The nervi vasorum and vasa vasorum are mostly found in which BV layer?

A

Tunica adventitia

76
Q

Other name for large arteries

Histolologic and Physiologic

A

Physiologic:Conducting
Histologic: Elastic arteries (LEC)

77
Q

Refers to the fenestrated elastic membrane; some smooth muscles; layer in large arteries

A

Tunica media

78
Q

This layer of large arteries have tall, round or polygonal endothelial cells

A

Tunica intima

79
Q

T or F: The IEM in large arteries are prominent

80
Q

Other name for medium-sized arteries

Histologic and Physiologic

A

Histologic: Muscular
Physiologic: Distributing arteries (MMDA)

81
Q

T or F: The IEM in medium-sized arteries are very prominent

82
Q

Where is IEM found?

A

Tunica intima

83
Q

In medium-sized arteries, this layer is composed of 25 - 40 layers of circumferentially arranged smooth
muscles

A

Tunica media

84
Q

Average diameter of small arteries

85
Q

T or F: The IEM in small arteries are very prominent

85
Q

In small arteries, the tunica media is composed of ____ muscle cells

86
Q

Average diameter of arterioles

87
Q

T or F: Arterioles have subendothelium in tunica intima

88
Q

This layer of arterioles are thin and inconspicuous

A

Tunica adventitia

89
Q

Precapillaries are also called?

A

Metaarterioles

90
Q

Diameter of precapillaries

91
Q

This is the transition from arteriole to capillary

A

Precapilaries

92
Q

T or F: Precapillaries have subendothelium

93
Q

Thess BVs are thin-walled tubes whch branch extensively

A

Capillaries

94
Q

Diameter of capillaries

A

5 to 10 um

95
Q

Length of capillaries

A

Not greater than 50 um

96
Q

These BVs have single layer of endothelial cells on a basement membrane

A

Capillaries

97
Q

Types of capillaries

A

Continuous, Fenestrated, Sinusoidal

98
Q

Type of capillaries
* Endothelium is uninterrupted
* Lack pores in the wall
* Found in muscles, nerves, connective tissues

A

Continuous

99
Q

In this type of capillary, the endothelium have pores of 80-100 um closed by very thin porous diaphragm.

Found in Pancreas, GIT, choroid plexus, ciliary body

A

Fenestrated with diaphragm

100
Q

Type of capillary where pores are not closed; example of this is glomerulus

A

Fenestrated without diaphragm

101
Q

Type of capillary

  • Wider lumen
  • Larger fenestrae
  • Lack diaphragm
  • BM: not prominent
  • Some endocrine glands, carotid and aortic bodies
A

Fenestrated sinusoidal

102
Q

Type of capillary

  • Endothelium: lined of relatively large caliber and irregular cross-sectional outline
  • Tortuous path
  • Greatly enlarged diameter
  • Discontinuous lining in walls
  • With phagocytic cells
  • Discontinuous basal lamina
  • Found in the liver, bone marrow, some endocrine glands
A

Sinusoidal

103
Q

Type of capillary

  • Endothelial cells: elongated along
    longitudinal axis of vessels
  • Surrounded by reticular fibers
  • Specialized vessels of the spleen
104
Q

BV which has larger caliber and thinner walls than arteries

105
Q

Layer of vein

Endothelial layer with thin subendothelium

A

Tunica intima

106
Q

Layer of vein

Very thin with sparse circular muscle loosely arranged

A

Tunica media

107
Q

Layer of vein

  • Collagenous connective tissue in large amounts
  • With vasa vasorum and nervi vasorum
A

Tunica adventitia

108
Q

Type of vein which its tunica adventitia is the only prominent coat

109
Q

Venules

Layer of venule

Single layer of flattened endothelial cells

A

Tunica intima

110
Q

Layer of venule

  • Very indistinct
  • Incomplete layer of smooth muscle
A

Tunica media

111
Q

Small Veins

This type of vein has thin subendothelium which is absent at times

A

Tunica intima

112
Q

Layer of small vein

  • Endothelial cells
  • Thin subendothelium; absent at times
A

Tunica intima

113
Q

Layer of small vein

Small bundles of smooth muscles

A

Tunica media

114
Q

Layer of small vein

Thick layer of LCT
* Ex: trabecular vein of spleen

A

Tunica adventitia

115
Q

Most Veins in the body

A

Medium-sized veins

116
Q

Layer of medium-sized veins

  • Thin layer
  • Flattened endothelium and subendothelium
A

Medium-sized veins

Intima dapat

117
Q

Layer of medium-sized veins

  • Circularly arranged smooth muscles
  • C & E
A

Tunica media

118
Q

Layer of medium-sized veins

  • Well-developed
  • Forms the bulk
  • C & E
    Ex: veins of visceral organs
A

Tunica Adventitia

119
Q

Layer of large veins

Endothelium: polygonal cells
* Subendothelium: C & E
* IEM: ?

A

Tunica intima

120
Q

Layer of large veins

Poorly-developed
* Thin smooth muscles, few elastic fibers

A

Tunica media

121
Q

Layer of large veins

  • Greater part
  • LCT, C & E
  • SVC, IVC, SMV, renal vein
A

Tunica adventitia

122
Q

Vaso Vasurom extend till tunica Media

123
Q

Vasa Vasorum extend till tunica intima

Human Histology (26 decks)

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