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Human Histology > (F) Lec 3. The Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

(F) Lec 3. The Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

The system is composed of?

A

Testes
Genital Ducts
Accessory Organs
Penis

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2
Q

Refers to male gonad

A

Testes

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3
Q

Reproductive function of testes

A

Production of sperm

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4
Q

Endocrine function of testes

A

Production of testosterone

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5
Q

Purpose of this is to propel spermatozoa and provide secretions which will be transported to the penile urethra

A

Genital ducts

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6
Q

This group of organs produce secretions required for sperm activity

A

Accessory organs

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7
Q

Male copulatory organ

A

Penis

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8
Q

Each testis is covered by a dense connective tissue capsule called _________

A

Tunica albuginea

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9
Q

Tunica albuginea thickens to form ______

A

Mediastinum testis

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10
Q

Compartments formed by septa in the testis are called?

A

Testicular lobules

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11
Q

Each lobule in the testis contains highly convoluted structures called ___________

A

Seminiferous tubules

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12
Q

Lobule of testis is composed of which two structures?

A

Seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue

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13
Q

How many seminiferous tubules are found inside each lobule of testis?

A

1 to 4

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14
Q

T or F: Reproductive function of testis is found outside the seminiferous tubules

A

False (inside)

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15
Q

T or F: Endocrine function of testis is found outside the seminiferous tubules

A

True

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16
Q

These are the endocrine cells of the testis that will produce the male hormone, testosterone

A

Leydig cells

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17
Q

Refers to:

➢ The supporting tissue of the testis
➢ Located in between the seminiferous tubules of the testis;
➢ consists of connective tissue containing fibroblasts, lymphatics and blood vessels

A

Instertitial tissue

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18
Q

Refers to:

➢ Located in the interstitial tissue
➢ Described as round or polygonal cells with central nucleus and eosinophilic
cytoplasm; produce the hormone TESTOSTERONE
➢ Located in between or outside the seminiferous tubules

A

Leydig cells

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19
Q

Diameter of each seminiferous tubule

A

150 - 250 um

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20
Q

Length of each seminiferous tubule

A

30 - 70 cm

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21
Q

Combined length of the tubules in each testis

A

250 m

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22
Q

What links seminiferous tubule to rete testis?

A

Straight tubule

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23
Q

How many efferent ductules connect rete testis to the head of epididymis>

A

10 - 20

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24
Q

LE of straight tubules

A

Simple cuboidal

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25
Q

LE of rete testis

A

Simple cuboidal

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26
Q

LE of efferent ductules

A

Simple cuboidal or columnar

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27
Q

LE of epididymis

A

Pseudostratified columnar with steocilia

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28
Q

LE of vas deferens

A

Pseudostratified columnar with fewer steroecilia

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29
Q

LE of ejaculatory ducts

A

Pseudostratified to simple columnar

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30
Q

LE of seminiferous tubule

A

Germinal or spermatogenic epithelium

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31
Q

These cells are examples of smooth muscle located in the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules

A

Myoid cells

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32
Q

Germinal epithelium of seminiferous tubules consists of which two types of cells?

A

Spermatogenic and sertoli

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33
Q

Cells that undergo the process of spermatogenesis

A

Spermatogenic cells

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34
Q

Examples of spermatogenic cells

A

o Spermatogonia
o Primary spermatocyte
o Secondary spermatocyte
o Spermatid
o Sperm cell

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35
Q

Defined as the process of formation of sperm cells

A

Spermatogenesis

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36
Q

T or F: Most immature which is the spermatogonia / spermatogonium is located NEAR the basement membrane

A

True

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37
Q

T or F: Most mature, sperm cells are located NEAR or TOWARDS the basement membrane

A

False (lumen)

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38
Q

Refers to:

o Non-dividing tall, columnar cells
o Known as SUSTENTACULAR CELL
Support, protection and provide nutrition of the developing spermatogenic cells

A

Sertoli cells

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39
Q

Refers to:

  • continuously release into the seminiferous tubules water that carries new sperm cells out of the testis;
  • production of nutrients and androgen binding protein which concentrates testosterone to a level required for spermatogenesis, promoted by FSH
A

Sertoli cells

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40
Q

Refers to formation of Gametes involving a special process of cell division called MEIOSIS

A

Gametogenesis

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41
Q

Product of Meiosis I

A

2 secondary gametocytes

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42
Q

Product of Meiosis II

A

4 gametes

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43
Q

The process of mitosis occurs on which type of cells?

A

Somatic cells

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44
Q

T or F: On mitosis, the daughter cells are
identical to each other but not identical to the parent cell

A

False (also identical with the

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45
Q

T or F: In meiosis, the daughter cells are diploid same as the parent cell which is also diploid

A

False (in mitosis)

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46
Q

T or F: In meiosis, the parent cell is diploid, but the daughter cells are haploid

A

True

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47
Q

Three stages of spermatogenesis

A
  1. Spermatogonial phase
  2. Spermatocyte phase
  3. Spermatic phase
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48
Q

Stage of spermatogenesis where stem cells divide to replace themselves and provide a population of committed spermatogonia

A

Spermatogonial phase

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49
Q

Stage of spermatogenesis where primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis to reduce both the chromosome and amount of DNA

A

Spermatocyte phase

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50
Q

Stage of spermatogenesis where there is no division

A

Spermatid phase

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51
Q

Process of cell division in spermatogonial phase

A

Mitosis

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52
Q

Process of cell division in spermatid phase

A

None

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53
Q

Process of cell division in spermatocyte phase

A

Meiosis

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54
Q

What will undergo transformation to become sperm cells?

A

Spermatids

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55
Q

Most immature spermatogenic cell

A

Spermaogonia

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56
Q

These cells remain dormant until puberty

A

Primordial germ cells

57
Q

Stage of meiosis that produces primary spermatocyte

A

Prophase of meiosis I

58
Q

The first miotic division produces which spermatogenic cell?

A

Secondary spermatocyte

59
Q

How many primary spermatocytes are produced during meiosis?

A

1

60
Q

How many secondary spermatocyte are produced during meiosis?

A

2

61
Q

How many spermatids are produced in meiosis?

A

4

62
Q

T or F: Maturation of sperm beings when it interacts with the egg cell

A

False (at puberty)

63
Q

T or F: The 4 spermatids produced in meiosis will develop into mature gametes

A

True

64
Q

Number of chromosomes of a spermatogonia

A

46 (diploid)

65
Q

Number of chromosomes of a primary spermatocyte

A

46 (diploid)

66
Q

Number of chromosomes of a secondary spermatocyte

A

23 (haploid)

67
Q

Number of chromosomes of a spermatid

A

23 (haploid)

68
Q

Refers to transformation of spermatids to sperm cells

A

Spermiogenesis

69
Q

Number of sperm cells in a normal fertile male

A

Around 100 million sperm cell per milliliter of semen

70
Q

Number of sperm cells in a sterile male

A

less than 20 million sperm cell / mL of semen

71
Q

Amount of a single ejaculation

A

2.5 to 3.5 mL

72
Q

What are the excretory genital ducts?

A

Epididymis
Ductus / Vas deferens
Urethra

73
Q

Refers to long, comma shaped, highly coiled duct lies in the scrotum along the superior and posterior sides of each testis

A

Epididymis

74
Q

Length of epididymis

A

6 m

75
Q

Parts of epididymis

A

Head, body, tail

76
Q

Part of epididymis where the efferent ductules enter

A

Head

77
Q

Part of epididymis where sperm cells undergo more subtle modification

A

Body

78
Q

Part of epididymis where sperm cells are stored until ejaculation

A

Tail

79
Q

The function of this is where the sperm cells are stored. Also the site where the sperm cells will mature

A

Epididymis

80
Q

Cell in epididymis located near the lumen; remove most of the water and residual bodies entering the structure

A

Principal cells

81
Q

Cells in epididymis which are located near the basement membrane

A

Basal cells

82
Q

Arrangement of smooth muscle in epididymis

A

ICOL

83
Q

Refers to:

o Changes in the spermatozoa while passing through the epididymis:
o Development of competence for forward motility
o Final modifications in the acrosome
o Reorganization of the cell membrane surrounding the sperm head

A

Epididymis

84
Q

Refers to:

→ Long, straight tube with a thick muscular wall and relatively small lumen, leaves the scrotum and continues toward the prostatic urethra
→ Forms part of the spermatic cord
→ Passes over the urinary bladder, crosses the ureter and the distal part enlarges as an Ampulla.

A

Vas deferens

85
Q

The ampulla together with the ducts of the seminal vesicles form the ___________

A

Ejaculatory ducts

86
Q

T or F: Arrangement of smooth muscle in vas deferens is ICOL

A

False (Inner Longitudinal, Middle Circular, Outer Longitudinal)

87
Q

Vas deferens’ layer of mucosa comprised of fibroelastic fiber

A

LP

88
Q

Accessory Organs are composed of which structures?

A

→ Seminal Vesicle
→ Prostate Gland
→ Cowper’s Gland

89
Q

These produce secretions which become mixed with Sperm during ejaculation to produce SEMEN and are essential for Reproduction

A

Accessory organs

90
Q

T or F: Sperm = Semen

A

False (Fluid + Sperm = Semen)

91
Q

T or F: Seminal vesicle is a pair.

A

True

92
Q

These consist of highly tortuous tubes, each about 15 cm long enclosed by a connective tissue capsule

A

Seminal vesicle

93
Q

Layer of seminal vesicle that displays a great number of thin complex branching folds which fill much of the lumen

A

Mucosa

94
Q

LP of seminal vesicle contains which type of fibers?

A

Elastic

95
Q

Arrangement of muscular layer of seminal vesicle

A

ICOL

96
Q

T or F: Seminal vesicle is an exocrine gland

A

True

97
Q

Secretions of seminal vesicle

A

Fructose, prostaglandins, fibrinogen

98
Q

Secretion that refers to the major energy source for sperm

A

Fructose

99
Q

Secretion which stimulates activity in the female reproductive organ

A

Prostaglandins

100
Q

Secretion which allows semen to coagulate after ejaculation

A

Fibrinogen

101
Q

Largest male accessory organ

A

Prostate gland

102
Q

Refers to the dense organ surrounding the urethra located below the bladder; approximately 2 x 3 x 4 cms in size and weighs about 20gms

A

Prostate gland

103
Q

Prostate gland is a collection of how many tubuloacinar glands?

A

30 - 50

104
Q

Zones that prostate gland can be divisible into?

A

Transition zone, Central zone, and Peripheral zone

105
Q

Zone of prostate gland that covers about 5%, surrounds the superior portion of the urethra and contains the periurethral mucosal glands

A

Transition zone

106
Q

Zone of prostate gland that covers about 25%, contains the periurethral submucosal glands with longer ducts

A

Central zone

107
Q

Zone of prostate gland that covers about 70%; contains the prostate main glands

A

Peripheral zone

108
Q

This secretion of prostate gland helps liquefy coagulated semen

A

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA),

109
Q

Produce a fluid responsible for the milky appearance of the seminal fluid; contains a complex mixture of glycoproteins, enzymes, Prostaglandins

A

Prostate gland

110
Q

Secretion of prostate gland contains a complex mixture of what?

A

Glycoproteins, enzymes, prostaglandins

111
Q

The lumen of prostate gland contains calcify concretions known as ____________

A

prostatic concretions or Corpora amylacea

112
Q

These contain deposited glycoproteins and keratan sulfate and may become more numerous with age but no physiologic or clinical significance

A

Prostatic concetions

113
Q

Refers to:

→ about 3 – 5 mm in diameter, located in the urogenital diaphragm and empty into the proximal part of the penile urethra
→ Each gland has several lobules with tubuloacinar secretory units surrounded by smooth muscles
→ Release a clear mucus like secretion which coats and lubricates the urethra in preparation for the passage of sperm

A

Bulbourethral gland

114
Q

T or F: Cowper’s gland is a pair

A

True

115
Q

LE of prostate gland

A

Pseudostratified or Simple columnar epithelium

116
Q

LE of bulbourethral gland

A

Simple Columnar epithelium

117
Q

Diameter of bulbourethral gland

A

3 - 5 mm

118
Q

Three erectile tissue of the penis

A

Corpora Cavernosa (2) and Corpus spongiosum (1)

119
Q

T or F: PENIS – surrounded by three cylindrical masses of erectile tissue; two ventral - Corpora Cavernosa and one dorsal - Corpus spongiosum

A

False (baliktad positions nila)

120
Q

Corpora cavernosa is surrounded by _________

A

Tunica albuginea

121
Q

Most of penile urethra is lined by which LE?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium; in the most distal part it becomes Stratified squamous Epithelium

122
Q

What are found along the length of the penile urethra that is small mucus-secreting?

A

Urethral glands (Littre’s)

123
Q

During erection, there is which kind of stimulation?

A

Parasympathetic

124
Q

During ejaculation, there is which kind of stimulation?

A

Sympathetic

125
Q

This stimulation relaxes muscle of the Helicine arteries and adjacent tissues allowing vessels of the cavernous tissue to fill with blood; the enlarging corpora compress the venous drainage producing further enlargement and turgidity

A

Parasympathetic (erection)

126
Q

This stimulation constricts blood flow through the helicine arteries, allowing blood to empty from the cavernous tissue

A

Sympathetic (ejaculation)

127
Q

These are small depressions on the surface of the mucous membrane of the urethra

A

Lacunae of Morgagni

128
Q

This is occurring commonly in the periurethral glands where it often leads to compression of the urethra and problems in urination

A

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

129
Q

This occurs mainly in the glands of the peripheral zone

A

Prostatic carcinoma

130
Q

This can result from diabetes, anxiety, vascular disorders or nerve damage during prostatectomy

A

Erectile dysfunction / Impotence

131
Q

The accessibility of the
ductus / vas deferens in the spermatic cord allows for the most common surgical method of male sterilization

A

Vasectomy

132
Q

Refers to inflammation of the testis, frequently involves the ducts connecting the testis to the epididymis

A

Orchitis

133
Q

Refers to infection involved in the epididymis

A

Epididymitis

134
Q

These two occur secondary to urinary tract infection or sexually transmitted
such as Chlamydia or Neisseria gonorrhea infections

A

Orchitis & Epididymitis

135
Q

This involves germ cell tumors, which only appear after puberty and are more likely to develop with men with untreated cryptorchidism

A

Testicular cancer

136
Q

Refers to failure of one or both testis to descend from the abdomen. a.k.a undescended testes

A

Cryptochidism

137
Q

Refers to accumulation of serous fluid in the scrotal sac; scrotal swelling

A

Hydrocele

138
Q
A

Human Histology (26 decks)

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