(F) Lec 3. The Male Reproductive System Flashcards
1
Q
The system is composed of?
A
Testes
Genital Ducts
Accessory Organs
Penis
2
Q
Refers to male gonad
A
Testes
3
Q
Reproductive function of testes
A
Production of sperm
4
Q
Endocrine function of testes
A
Production of testosterone
5
Q
Purpose of this is to propel spermatozoa and provide secretions which will be transported to the penile urethra
A
Genital ducts
6
Q
This group of organs produce secretions required for sperm activity
A
Accessory organs
7
Q
Male copulatory organ
A
Penis
8
Q
Each testis is covered by a dense connective tissue capsule called _________
A
Tunica albuginea
9
Q
Tunica albuginea thickens to form ______
A
Mediastinum testis
10
Q
Compartments formed by septa in the testis are called?
A
Testicular lobules
11
Q
Each lobule in the testis contains highly convoluted structures called ___________
A
Seminiferous tubules
12
Q
Lobule of testis is composed of which two structures?
A
Seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue
13
Q
How many seminiferous tubules are found inside each lobule of testis?
A
1 to 4
14
Q
T or F: Reproductive function of testis is found outside the seminiferous tubules
A
False (inside)
15
Q
T or F: Endocrine function of testis is found outside the seminiferous tubules
A
True
16
Q
These are the endocrine cells of the testis that will produce the male hormone, testosterone
A
Leydig cells
17
Q
Refers to:
➢ The supporting tissue of the testis
➢ Located in between the seminiferous tubules of the testis;
➢ consists of connective tissue containing fibroblasts, lymphatics and blood vessels
A
Instertitial tissue
18
Q
Refers to:
➢ Located in the interstitial tissue
➢ Described as round or polygonal cells with central nucleus and eosinophilic
cytoplasm; produce the hormone TESTOSTERONE
➢ Located in between or outside the seminiferous tubules
A
Leydig cells
19
Q
Diameter of each seminiferous tubule
A
150 - 250 um
20
Q
Length of each seminiferous tubule
A
30 - 70 cm
21
Q
Combined length of the tubules in each testis
A
250 m
22
Q
What links seminiferous tubule to rete testis?
A
Straight tubule
23
Q
How many efferent ductules connect rete testis to the head of epididymis>
A
10 - 20
24
Q
LE of straight tubules
A
Simple cuboidal
25
LE of rete testis
Simple cuboidal
26
LE of efferent ductules
Simple cuboidal or columnar
27
LE of epididymis
Pseudostratified columnar with steocilia
28
LE of vas deferens
Pseudostratified columnar with fewer steroecilia
29
LE of ejaculatory ducts
Pseudostratified to simple columnar
30
LE of seminiferous tubule
Germinal or spermatogenic epithelium
31
These cells are examples of smooth muscle located in the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules
Myoid cells
32
Germinal epithelium of seminiferous tubules consists of which two types of cells?
Spermatogenic and sertoli
33
Cells that undergo the process of spermatogenesis
Spermatogenic cells
34
Examples of spermatogenic cells
o Spermatogonia
o Primary spermatocyte
o Secondary spermatocyte
o Spermatid
o Sperm cell
35
Defined as the process of formation of sperm cells
Spermatogenesis
36
T or F: Most immature which is the spermatogonia / spermatogonium is located NEAR the basement membrane
True
37
T or F: Most mature, sperm cells are located NEAR or TOWARDS the basement membrane
False (lumen)
38
Refers to:
o Non-dividing tall, columnar cells
o Known as SUSTENTACULAR CELL
Support, protection and provide nutrition of the developing spermatogenic cells
Sertoli cells
39
Refers to:
* continuously release into the seminiferous tubules water that carries new sperm cells out of the testis;
* production of nutrients and androgen binding protein which concentrates testosterone to a level required for spermatogenesis, promoted by FSH
Sertoli cells
40
Refers to formation of Gametes involving a special process of cell division called MEIOSIS
Gametogenesis
41
Product of Meiosis I
2 secondary gametocytes
42
Product of Meiosis II
4 gametes
43
The process of mitosis occurs on which type of cells?
Somatic cells
44
T or F: On mitosis, the daughter cells are
identical to each other but not identical to the parent cell
False (also identical with the
45
T or F: In meiosis, the daughter cells are diploid same as the parent cell which is also diploid
False (in mitosis)
46
T or F: In meiosis, the parent cell is diploid, but the daughter cells are haploid
True
47
Three stages of spermatogenesis
1. Spermatogonial phase
2. Spermatocyte phase
3. Spermatic phase
48
Stage of spermatogenesis where stem cells divide to replace themselves and provide a population of committed spermatogonia
Spermatogonial phase
49
Stage of spermatogenesis where primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis to reduce both the chromosome and amount of DNA
Spermatocyte phase
50
Stage of spermatogenesis where there is no division
Spermatid phase
51
Process of cell division in spermatogonial phase
Mitosis
52
Process of cell division in spermatid phase
None
53
Process of cell division in spermatocyte phase
Meiosis
54
What will undergo transformation to become sperm cells?
Spermatids
55
Most immature spermatogenic cell
Spermaogonia
56
These cells remain dormant until puberty
Primordial germ cells
57
Stage of meiosis that produces primary spermatocyte
Prophase of meiosis I
58
The first miotic division produces which spermatogenic cell?
Secondary spermatocyte
59
How many primary spermatocytes are produced during meiosis?
1
60
How many secondary spermatocyte are produced during meiosis?
2
61
How many spermatids are produced in meiosis?
4
62
T or F: Maturation of sperm beings when it interacts with the egg cell
False (at puberty)
63
T or F: The 4 spermatids produced in meiosis will develop into mature gametes
True
64
Number of chromosomes of a spermatogonia
46 (diploid)
65
Number of chromosomes of a primary spermatocyte
46 (diploid)
66
Number of chromosomes of a secondary spermatocyte
23 (haploid)
67
Number of chromosomes of a spermatid
23 (haploid)
68
Refers to transformation of spermatids to sperm cells
Spermiogenesis
69
Number of sperm cells in a normal fertile male
Around 100 million sperm cell per milliliter of semen
70
Number of sperm cells in a sterile male
less than 20 million sperm cell / mL of semen
71
Amount of a single ejaculation
2.5 to 3.5 mL
72
What are the excretory genital ducts?
Epididymis
Ductus / Vas deferens
Urethra
73
Refers to long, comma shaped, highly coiled duct lies in the scrotum along the superior and posterior sides of each testis
Epididymis
74
Length of epididymis
6 m
75
Parts of epididymis
Head, body, tail
76
Part of epididymis where the efferent ductules enter
Head
77
Part of epididymis where sperm cells undergo more subtle modification
Body
78
Part of epididymis where sperm cells are stored until ejaculation
Tail
79
The function of this is where the sperm cells are stored. Also the site where the sperm cells will mature
Epididymis
80
Cell in epididymis located near the lumen; remove most of the water and residual bodies entering the structure
Principal cells
81
Cells in epididymis which are located near the basement membrane
Basal cells
82
Arrangement of smooth muscle in epididymis
ICOL
83
Refers to:
o Changes in the spermatozoa while passing through the epididymis:
o Development of competence for forward motility
o Final modifications in the acrosome
o Reorganization of the cell membrane surrounding the sperm head
Epididymis
84
Refers to:
→ Long, straight tube with a thick muscular wall and relatively small lumen, leaves the scrotum and continues toward the prostatic urethra
→ Forms part of the spermatic cord
→ Passes over the urinary bladder, crosses the ureter and the distal part enlarges as an Ampulla.
Vas deferens
85
The ampulla together with the ducts of the seminal vesicles form the ___________
Ejaculatory ducts
86
T or F: Arrangement of smooth muscle in vas deferens is ICOL
False (Inner Longitudinal, Middle Circular, Outer Longitudinal)
87
Vas deferens' layer of mucosa comprised of fibroelastic fiber
LP
88
Accessory Organs are composed of which structures?
→ Seminal Vesicle
→ Prostate Gland
→ Cowper’s Gland
89
These produce secretions which become mixed with Sperm during ejaculation to produce SEMEN and are essential for Reproduction
Accessory organs
90
T or F: Sperm = Semen
False (Fluid + Sperm = Semen)
91
T or F: Seminal vesicle is a pair.
True
92
These consist of highly tortuous tubes, each about 15 cm long enclosed by a connective tissue capsule
Seminal vesicle
93
Layer of seminal vesicle that displays a great number of thin complex branching folds which fill much of the lumen
Mucosa
94
LP of seminal vesicle contains which type of fibers?
Elastic
95
Arrangement of muscular layer of seminal vesicle
ICOL
96
T or F: Seminal vesicle is an exocrine gland
True
97
Secretions of seminal vesicle
Fructose, prostaglandins, fibrinogen
98
Secretion that refers to the major energy source for sperm
Fructose
99
Secretion which stimulates activity in the female reproductive organ
Prostaglandins
100
Secretion which allows semen to coagulate after ejaculation
Fibrinogen
101
Largest male accessory organ
Prostate gland
102
Refers to the dense organ surrounding the urethra located below the bladder; approximately 2 x 3 x 4 cms in size and weighs about 20gms
Prostate gland
103
Prostate gland is a collection of how many tubuloacinar glands?
30 - 50
104
Zones that prostate gland can be divisible into?
Transition zone, Central zone, and Peripheral zone
105
Zone of prostate gland that covers about 5%, surrounds the superior portion of the urethra and contains the periurethral mucosal glands
Transition zone
106
Zone of prostate gland that covers about 25%, contains the periurethral submucosal glands with longer ducts
Central zone
107
Zone of prostate gland that covers about 70%; contains the prostate main glands
Peripheral zone
108
This secretion of prostate gland helps liquefy coagulated semen
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA),
109
Produce a fluid responsible for the milky appearance of the seminal fluid; contains a complex mixture of glycoproteins, enzymes, Prostaglandins
Prostate gland
110
Secretion of prostate gland contains a complex mixture of what?
Glycoproteins, enzymes, prostaglandins
111
The lumen of prostate gland contains calcify concretions known as ____________
prostatic concretions or Corpora amylacea
112
These contain deposited glycoproteins and keratan sulfate and may become more numerous with age but no physiologic or clinical significance
Prostatic concetions
113
Refers to:
→ about 3 – 5 mm in diameter, located in the urogenital diaphragm and empty into the proximal part of the penile urethra
→ Each gland has several lobules with tubuloacinar secretory units surrounded by smooth muscles
→ Release a clear mucus like secretion which coats and lubricates the urethra in preparation for the passage of sperm
Bulbourethral gland
114
T or F: Cowper's gland is a pair
True
115
LE of prostate gland
Pseudostratified or Simple columnar epithelium
116
LE of bulbourethral gland
Simple Columnar epithelium
117
Diameter of bulbourethral gland
3 - 5 mm
118
Three erectile tissue of the penis
Corpora Cavernosa (2) and Corpus spongiosum (1)
119
T or F: PENIS – surrounded by three cylindrical masses of erectile tissue; two ventral - Corpora Cavernosa and one dorsal - Corpus spongiosum
False (baliktad positions nila)
120
Corpora cavernosa is surrounded by _________
Tunica albuginea
121
Most of penile urethra is lined by which LE?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium; in the most distal part it becomes Stratified squamous Epithelium
122
What are found along the length of the penile urethra that is small mucus-secreting?
Urethral glands (Littre's)
123
During erection, there is which kind of stimulation?
Parasympathetic
124
During ejaculation, there is which kind of stimulation?
Sympathetic
125
This stimulation relaxes muscle of the Helicine arteries and adjacent tissues allowing vessels of the cavernous tissue to fill with blood; the enlarging corpora compress the venous drainage producing further enlargement and turgidity
Parasympathetic (erection)
126
This stimulation constricts blood flow through the helicine arteries, allowing blood to empty from the cavernous tissue
Sympathetic (ejaculation)
127
These are small depressions on the surface of the mucous membrane of the urethra
Lacunae of Morgagni
128
This is occurring commonly in the periurethral glands where it often leads to compression of the urethra and problems in urination
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
129
This occurs mainly in the glands of the peripheral zone
Prostatic carcinoma
130
This can result from diabetes, anxiety, vascular disorders or nerve damage during prostatectomy
Erectile dysfunction / Impotence
131
The accessibility of the
ductus / vas deferens in the spermatic cord allows for the most common surgical method of male sterilization
Vasectomy
132
Refers to inflammation of the testis, frequently involves the ducts connecting the testis to the epididymis
Orchitis
133
Refers to infection involved in the epididymis
Epididymitis
134
These two occur secondary to urinary tract infection or sexually transmitted
such as Chlamydia or Neisseria gonorrhea infections
Orchitis & Epididymitis
135
This involves germ cell tumors, which only appear after puberty and are more likely to develop with men with untreated cryptorchidism
Testicular cancer
136
Refers to failure of one or both testis to descend from the abdomen. a.k.a undescended testes
Cryptochidism
137
Refers to accumulation of serous fluid in the scrotal sac; scrotal swelling
Hydrocele
138
