overview of human body pt 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Cell=
A
smallest structural/ functional unit of an organism
1
Q
Nucleus=
A
Contains DNA, blueprint of proteins
2
Q
Nucleolus=
A
Produces ribosomes
3
Q
Ribosomes=
A
Manufactures proteins
4
Q
Rough ER=
A
Studded with mature ribosomes. ‘protein factory’
5
Q
Smooth ER=
A
Lipid synthesis & detoxification
6
Q
Golgi apparatus=
A
processing and packaging of proteins
7
Q
Mitochondrion=
A
Energy & heat production
8
Q
Lysome=
A
destruction of debris & waste product
9
Q
Cytoskeleton=
A
Structural support- internal organisation
10
Q
What is the cell membrane, describe its functions.
A
- The cell membrane contains plasma membrane. This is made up of phospholipids. The phospholipids arrange into a structure called the bilipid structure. This structure stops charged particles e.g., potassium and calcium particles from leaving the cell, which are important life processes
11
Q
What is diffusion?
A
- Movement of particles from one area of high concentration to an area or low concentration through a partially permeable membrane e.g., gases like oxygen nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
12
Q
What is osmosis?
A
- Movement of a solvent across a semi-permeable membrane.
- Tonicity of the cell describes the concentration of solutes outside of the cell vs inside of the cell.
- Tonicity descriptors: Hypotonic (water moves into the cell), Hypertonic (water moves out of the cell), Isotonic (no water movement).
13
Q
What is facilitated diffusion?
A
- Plasma membrane protein ion channels create a passageway in the membrane to allow important particles to pass through. The membrane is selectively permeable.
14
Q
What is active transport?
A
- The ATPASE pump moves ions against their concentration from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration and it requires energy.
15
Q
What is cytosis/ vesicular transport?
A
- Moving clumps of materials across a membrane for example bacteria. It requires energy (ATP). It involves endocytosis (moving materials into cell) and exocytosis (moving materials out of the cell).
16
Q
What are the main membrane transport mechanisms?
A
1- Diffusion
2- Osmosis
3- Facilitated diffusion
4- Active transport
5- Cytosis
