overview of human body pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cell=

A

smallest structural/ functional unit of an organism

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1
Q

Nucleus=

A

Contains DNA, blueprint of proteins

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2
Q

Nucleolus=

A

Produces ribosomes

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3
Q

Ribosomes=

A

Manufactures proteins

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4
Q

Rough ER=

A

Studded with mature ribosomes. ‘protein factory’

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5
Q

Smooth ER=

A

Lipid synthesis & detoxification

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6
Q

Golgi apparatus=

A

processing and packaging of proteins

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7
Q

Mitochondrion=

A

Energy & heat production

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8
Q

Lysome=

A

destruction of debris & waste product

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9
Q

Cytoskeleton=

A

Structural support- internal organisation

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10
Q

What is the cell membrane, describe its functions.

A
  • The cell membrane contains plasma membrane. This is made up of phospholipids. The phospholipids arrange into a structure called the bilipid structure. This structure stops charged particles e.g., potassium and calcium particles from leaving the cell, which are important life processes
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11
Q

What is diffusion?

A
  • Movement of particles from one area of high concentration to an area or low concentration through a partially permeable membrane e.g., gases like oxygen nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
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12
Q

What is osmosis?

A
  • Movement of a solvent across a semi-permeable membrane.
  • Tonicity of the cell describes the concentration of solutes outside of the cell vs inside of the cell.
  • Tonicity descriptors: Hypotonic (water moves into the cell), Hypertonic (water moves out of the cell), Isotonic (no water movement).
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13
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A
  • Plasma membrane protein ion channels create a passageway in the membrane to allow important particles to pass through. The membrane is selectively permeable.
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14
Q

What is active transport?

A
  • The ATPASE pump moves ions against their concentration from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration and it requires energy.
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15
Q

What is cytosis/ vesicular transport?

A
  • Moving clumps of materials across a membrane for example bacteria. It requires energy (ATP). It involves endocytosis (moving materials into cell) and exocytosis (moving materials out of the cell).
16
Q

What are the main membrane transport mechanisms?

A

1- Diffusion
2- Osmosis
3- Facilitated diffusion
4- Active transport
5- Cytosis