Knee/ tibiofemoral joint Flashcards
Name/ classification=
Modified synovial hinge joint
Movements produced at joint=
Flexion
Extension
Medial and lateral rotation
Degrees of freedom & planes of movement=
1 degree of freedom ( 2 as rotated) in the sagittal and transverse plane.
Bones & articulating surfaces=
Femoral condyles
Tibial condyles
Cartilage=
Hyaline cartilage on articular surfaces to reduce friction and aid in shock absorption.
Medial and lateral menisci (made of fibrocartilage) increases depth and stability of joint.
Joint capsule=
Capsule is attached to margins of femoral and tibial articular surfaces
Anterior portion of the capsule features opening where margins attach to border of patella.
Synovial membrane=
Lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid which nourishes cartilage, removes waste and reduces friction.
Ligaments=
Intracapsular ligaments:
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)- limits hyperflexion
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)- limits hypertension
Extracapsular ligaments:
Medial collateral ligaments (MCL)
Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
Oblique popliteal ligament- reinforces posterior part of joint capsule
Arcuate popliteal ligament- prevents overextension
Blood supply=
Branches from femoral artery, popliteal artery and tibial artery
Nerve supply=
Branches of obtruator, femoral and sciatic nerves
Muscles (flexion)=
Flexion:
Bicep femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
= hamstrings
Muscles (extension)=
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
= quadriceps
Muscles (medial rotation)=
Popliteus
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Muscles (lateral rotation)=
Biceps femoris
